LG CNS
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
LG CNS was established on January 14, 1987, as a joint venture named STM. The company is headquartered in Seoul and is listed on the KOSPI market.
The company provides IT services divided into Cloud and AI, Smart Engineering, and Digital Business Service. Its offerings include cloud migration, MSP, robot integration, system integration, and system management for various corporate customers.
Business overview as filed
당사와 연결종속회사가 영위하고 있는 주된 사업은 IT서비스로 클라우드&AI, 스마트 엔지니어링, Digital Business Service(SI/SM)로 구분할 수 있습니다. (1) 클라우드&AI 기업의 클라우드/AI 도입과 활용은 비즈니스 전 밸류체인으로 빠르게 확산되고 있습니다. 특히 AI가 사람의 개입 없이 자율적으로 계획을 수립하고 의사결정을 진행하는 Agentic AI 시대로 도약 중인 가운데, 클라우드 전환과 AI 기술 도입을 추진하는 고객에게는 클라우드 서비스 전반을 책임지는 Full Stack 클라우드 서비스 제공 역할은 물론, 효과적으로 AI 기술을 적용해 비즈니스 혁신을 함께 만들어갈 사업자의 역할이 더욱 중요해지고 있습니다.
당사는 데이터센터-인프라-클라우드-AI로 연계되는 End to End 사업 역량을 기반으로 클라우드&AI 사업 역량을 고도화하며 AX(AI Transformation) 리더십을 강화해 나가고 있습니다. 컨설팅부터 클라우드 전환/구축, MSP(Managed Service Provider), 애플리케이션 현대화(Application Modernization, AM)까지 통합적인 서비스를 제공하며, 우수한 기술 역량을 바탕으로 고객의 클라우드 이용 가치를 극대화하고 있습니다. 또한 Application 전 영역에 당사의 고도화된 AI 기술을 선제적으로 적용·확산하고 있으며, 최신 기술과 모델을 활용한 기업 맞춤형 AI 서비스를 지속 발굴하여 적용하고 있습니다.
(2) 스마트 엔지니어링 당사는 제조, 물류, 시티 등 스마트 엔지니어링 영역에서 IT 신기술 적용 및 DX(Digital Transformation) 추진을 통해 생산현장에서의 제조혁신, 유통 및 제조 공정에서의 물류혁신, 시티 영역에서의 일상생활 혁신을 위한 사업을 지속적으로 추진하고 확대해 왔습니다.
Physical AI가 새로운 패러다임으로 부상함에 따라, 스마트 엔지니어링 분야에서도 보다 실체적인 AI 기술의 적용이 본격화되고 있습니다. 이에 당사는 물류, 제조 영역 중심으로 제공하고 있는 로봇 서비스 Integration, 로봇 솔루션 사업의 확장 및 고도화를 통해 RX(Robot Transformation) 분야의 선도 입지도 함께 다져나가고 있습니다.
(3) Digital Business Service (SI/SM) 당사의 Digital Business Service는 SI(System Integration, 시스템 통합)와 SM(System Management, 시스템 운영 및 유지보수)을 포함합니다. 당사는 다양한 SI/SM 사업을 통해 축적한 도메인 기반의 전문 역량과 신기술 도입 경험을 바탕으로, 고객의 비즈니스에 실질적인 가치를 제공하는 디지털 파트너로서의 입지를 더욱 공고히 하고 있습니다. 빅데이터, 클라우드와 더불어 최근에는 AI를 적용하는 융합 SI 프로젝트가 빠르게 확대되고 있습니다. 이에 당사는 SI/SM 사업 수행 시에도 AI를 포함한 신기술을 융합하여 IT 서비스 구축 및 유지관리, 관련 컨설팅 등을 아우르는 디지털 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.
당사는 IT서비스 단일 사업부문으로 2025년 연결기준 매출은 전년 동기 대비 1,469억원 증가한 6조 1,295억원 입니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황
(1) 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
(2) 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적, 상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 『주식회사 엘지씨엔에스』이며, 영문으로는 『LG CNS Co.,Ltd.』로 표기합니다.
다. 설립일자
당사는 1987년 1월 14일에 합작법인 STM (System Technology Management)으로 설립되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
◆ 주 소 : 서울특별시 강서구 마곡중앙8로 71(마곡동)◆ 전화번호 : 02-3777-1114◆ 홈페이지 : http://www.lgcns.com
마. 중소기업 해당 여부
당사는 중소기업기본법 제2조에 의한 중소기업에 해당되지 않습니다.
바. 주요 사업의 내용
당사의 사업은 크게 클라우드&AI, 스마트 엔지니어링, Digital Business Service로 구성되어 있습니다.
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
【국내 신용등급 체계 및 등급정의】
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정)여부 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.16), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 59.5% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- -0.149%[-0.643%, +0.345%]
- R squared
- 0.27
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.85[0.47, 1.23]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSPI200 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 49,697 | 56,053 | 59,826 | 61,295 | 62,938 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 12.79 | 6.73 | 2.46 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 3,854 | 4,640 | 5,129 | 5,518 | 5,542 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 20.41 | 10.52 | 7.60 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 2,650 | 3,324 | 3,649 | 4,392 | 4,825 |
| Net income growth% | — | 25.43 | 9.80 | 20.35 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 2,654 | 3,323 | 3,645 | 4,379 | 4,814 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -4 | 0 | 4 | 13 | 11 |
| Operating margin% | 7.75 | 8.28 | 8.57 | 9.00 | 8.81 |
| Net margin% | 5.33 | 5.93 | 6.10 | 7.16 | 7.67 |
| ROE% | 16.32 | 17.84 | 17.23 | 14.93 | 15.80 |
| ROA% | 6.86 | 8.23 | 8.10 | 8.31 | 9.75 |
| Debt ratio% | 137.01 | 116.28 | 112.20 | 79.68 | 61.87 |
| Current ratio% | 142.02 | 196.83 | 185.46 | 213.08 | 241.46 |
| Quick ratio% | 139.26 | 192.52 | 182.98 | 209.82 | 234.06 |
| Reserve ratio% | 3,364.63 | 3,829.38 | 4,318.27 | 5,466.10 | 5,642.56 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | — | — | — | 3,738 | — |
| FCF margin% | — | — | — | 6.10 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 60.99 | 43.20 | 196.04 | 95.22 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | — | — | — | 0.72 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 | — |
| EPSKRW | 3,043 | 3,811 | 4,180 | 4,549 | 4,969 |
| PERx | — | — | — | 13.50 | 15.86 |
| BPSKRW | — | — | — | 30,270 | 31,447 |
| PBRx | — | — | — | 2.03 | 2.51 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | 1,190 | 1,520 | 1,672 | 750 | — |
| Payout ratio% | 39.11 | 39.88 | 40.00 | 16.49 | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 61,295
- Cost of sales
- 51,772
- Gross profit
- 9,523
- Operating income
- 5,518
- Other
- 4,005
- Non-operating income
- 414
- Profit before tax
- 5,932
- Net income
- 4,392
- Income tax expense
- 1,541
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38,651 | 40,407 | 45,045 | 52,853 | |
| 28,479 | 30,372 | 34,353 | 39,650 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 7,283 | 5,046 | 10,766 | 11,410 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | 1,114 | 1,618 | 866 | 5,384 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 554 | 665 | 459 | 606 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 10,172 | 10,034 | 10,692 | 13,203 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 5,649 | 5,485 | 5,452 | 5,355 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 916 | 1,024 | 1,244 | 1,447 |
| 22,343 | 21,724 | 23,817 | 23,438 | |
| 20,053 | 15,431 | 18,523 | 18,608 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 2,765 | 26 | 55 | 0 |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 2,599 | 0 | 1,603 | 2,299 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 144 | 160 | 414 | 1,031 |
| 2,290 | 6,293 | 5,294 | 4,830 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 1,497 | 5,488 | 3,897 | 1,598 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 465 | 421 | 968 | 2,788 |
| 16,308 | 18,683 | 21,228 | 29,414 | |
| 16,260 | 18,633 | 21,151 | 29,328 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 472 | 472 | 472 | 520 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 350 | 350 | 350 | 6,241 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 15,530 | 17,724 | 20,031 | 22,206 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -93 | 87 | 298 | 360 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 48 | 50 | 77 | 87 |
| 유동성파생상품자산As filed | 114 | 49 | 23 | 4 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | 34 | 33 | 55 | 92 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 5,183 | 7,223 | 5,041 | 5,069 |
| 매출채권As filed | 13,923 | 15,316 | 16,616 | 16,645 |
| 기타채권As filed | 274 | 423 | 527 | 440 |
| 장기금융기관예치금As filed | 120 | 120 | 121 | 120 |
| 무형자산As filed | 1,045 | 881 | 637 | 528 |
| 투자부동산As filed | 332 | 279 | 169 | 162 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 666 | 786 | 996 | 977 |
| 장기매출채권As filed | 131 | 123 | 66 | 6 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | 209 | 221 | 258 | 326 |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | 324 | 378 | 408 | 636 |
| 장기기타채권As filed | 128 | 137 | 118 | 122 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | 12 | 6 | 1 | 11 |
| 사용권자산As filed | 635 | 589 | 1,221 | 3,510 |
| 부채및자본총계As filed | 38,651 | 40,407 | 45,045 | 52,853 |
| 유동성파생상품부채As filed | 18 | 33 | 244 | 0 |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 615 | 533 | 651 | 954 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 3,575 | 3,780 | 4,387 | 4,397 |
| 기타채무As filed | 2,519 | 2,730 | 2,623 | 2,713 |
| 매입채무As filed | 7,404 | 7,683 | 7,941 | 6,643 |
| 유동성충당부채As filed | 413 | 486 | 605 | 571 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 55 | 54 | 73 | 80 |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | 20 | 20 |
| 충당부채As filed | 40 | 41 | 41 | 49 |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | 189 | 241 | 268 | 267 |
| 장기기타채무As filed | 20 | 25 | 27 | 28 |
| 퇴직급여부채As filed | 23 | 23 | — | — |
Income statement
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49,697 | 56,053 | 59,826 | 61,295 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 42,376 | 47,704 | 50,514 | 51,772 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 7,320 | 8,349 | 9,312 | 9,523 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 3,466 | 3,708 | 4,184 | Not applicable |
| 3,854 | 4,640 | 5,129 | 5,518 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 182 | 364 | 391 | 624 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 195 | 396 | 298 | 335 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 627 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 666 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 164 |
| 3,649 | 4,427 | 4,855 | 5,932 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 999 | 1,103 | 1,206 | 1,541 |
| 2,650 | 3,324 | 3,649 | 4,392 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 2,654 | 3,323 | 3,645 | 4,379 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -4 | 0 | 4 | 13 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 3,043 | 3,811 | 4,180 | 4,549 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 3,043 | 3,811 | 4,180 | 4,549 |
| 2,649 | 3,412 | 3,847 | 4,434 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -0 | 89 | 198 | 43 |
| 비지배지분As filed | -3 | 1 | 3 | 13 |
| 기타영업외비용As filed | 741 | 799 | 1,064 | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주As filed | 2,653 | 3,411 | 3,844 | 4,422 |
| 기타영업외수익As filed | 494 | 469 | 649 | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목As filed | 10 | 47 | 215 | 62 |
| 지분법투자손익As filed | 55 | 148 | 48 | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이As filed | 11 | 33 | 209 | 27 |
| 지분법자본변동As filed | -1 | 14 | 6 | 36 |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | -10 | 42 | -18 | -19 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정지분상품 평가손익As filed | -13 | 33 | -5 | -0 |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정요소As filed | 8 | 7 | -4 | -14 |
| 지분법이익잉여금변동As filed | -4 | 2 | -9 | -5 |
| 당기순이익As filed | 2,650 | 3,324 | 3,649 | 4,392 |
| 판매비와관리비As filed | — | — | — | 4,005 |
Cash flow statement
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 2,650 | 3,324 | 3,649 | 4,392 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | -1,034 | -1,888 | 3,505 | -210 |
| 1,616 | 1,436 | 7,154 | 4,182 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 104 | 313 | 269 | 418 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 114 | 366 | 226 | 197 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| -966 | -1,137 | -133 | -5,302 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 444 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 5 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 88 |
| 547 | -2,547 | -1,408 | 1,735 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | -950 | -1,038 | -1,325 | 2,187 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 5,997 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 6,079 | 7,283 | 5,046 | 10,766 |
| 7,283 | 5,046 | 10,766 | 11,410 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | 7 | 11 | 108 | 29 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 2,944 | 4,262 | 465 | 6,349 |
| 리스인센티브 수령As filed | — | — | 190 | 191 |
| 사채의 발행As filed | 0 | 4,000 | 0 | 0 |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | 2,944 | 262 | 274 | 160 |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | -2,397 | -6,809 | -1,873 | 4,613 |
| 연결자본거래로 인한 변동As filed | -0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 신주발행비 지급As filed | — | — | — | 57 |
| 기타As filed | -0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | -141 | -10 | -0 | 549 |
| 사채의 상환As filed | -900 | -2,600 | 0 | 1,600 |
| 유동성리스부채의 상환As filed | 0 | -155 | -295 | 549 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | -405 | -3,007 | -249 | 213 |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | -3 | 7 |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 458 | 1,325 | 1,806 | 3,008 |
| 연결범위변동으로 인한 현금유입As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 금융기관예치금의 감소As filed | 232 | 1,021 | 1,579 | 2,619 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 처분As filed | 0 | 4 | 11 | 16 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 처분As filed | 0 | 59 | 0 | 1 |
| 장기기타채권의 감소As filed | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 기타채권의 감소As filed | 53 | 56 | 53 | 40 |
| 파생상품의 정산으로 인한 현금유입As filed | 103 | 118 | 116 | 282 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | 61 | 13 | 0 | 26 |
| 관계기업투자의 처분As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 관계기업및공동기업투자의 처분As filed | — | — | 43 | 0 |
| 종속기업투자의 처분As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 유형자산의 처분As filed | 2 | 49 | 3 | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | -1,424 | -2,462 | -1,939 | 8,310 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | -17 | -26 | 0 | 71 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | -43 | -56 | -56 | 93 |
| 금융기관예치금의 증가As filed | -4 | -1,525 | -797 | 7,130 |
| 연결범위변동으로 인한 현금 유출As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 기타채권의 증가As filed | -54 | -39 | -51 | 16 |
| 장기기타채권의 증가As filed | -53 | -26 | -17 | 23 |
| 종속기업투자의 취득As filed | 0 | 0 | -36 | 0 |
| 파생상품의 정산으로 인한 현금유출As filed | -277 | -228 | -409 | 427 |
| 무형자산의 취득As filed | -232 | -122 | -58 | — |
| 관계기업및공동기업투자의 취득As filed | — | — | -207 | 18 |
| 관계기업투자의 취득As filed | -176 | 0 | — | — |
| 영업으로부터 창출된 현금As filed | 2,681 | 2,792 | 8,397 | 5,184 |
| 배당수익 수취As filed | 7 | 7 | 11 | 8 |
| 법인세 납부As filed | 1,063 | 1,329 | 1,302 | 1,233 |
| 유형자산의 취득As filed | -568 | -440 | -306 | — |
| 법인세 환급As filed | 0 | 18 | 5 | 2 |
| 현금및현금성자산의 증감As filed | 1,197 | -2,249 | 5,612 | 615 |
In the latest fiscal year operating and financing activities brought cash in while investing activities spent it.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.16.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 39 | 삼일 회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 38 | 삼일 회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 37 | 삼일 회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 36 | 삼일 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 35 | 안진 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 34 | 안진 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 33 | 안진회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 32 | 안진회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 31 | 안진회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2016 | 적정Term 30 | 안진 회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2015 | 적정Term 29 | 안진 회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2014 | 적정Term 28 | 안진 회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Dividend historyKRW
The dividend-per-share bars are restated onto the current share basis for splits and par-value changes. The payout ratio and the dividend yield divide figures filed for the same period and are left unadjusted.
Payout ratio and dividend yield%
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | 13,307 | -81.9% |
| Dividend discount model DDM | 16,830 | -77.1% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | 101,109 | +37.4% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 48,178 | -34.5% |
| Residual income model RIM | 83,775 | +13.8% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.38% + 0.67 × 5.00% = 7.75%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(14.93% × (1 − 16.49%), 0) = 12.47%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Gordon growth model
P_0 = 750 × (1 + 2.00%) / (7.75% − 2.00%) = 765 / 0.0575 = 13,307 KRW
Dividend discount model DDM
D_0 = 750, g_1 = 12.47%, g_T = 2.00%, r = 7.75%
| Year | Growth | Dividend KRW | Discount factor | Present value KRW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.47% | 844 | 0.9281 | 783 |
| 2 | 9.85% | 927 | 0.8613 | 798 |
| 3 | 7.23% | 994 | 0.7994 | 794 |
| 4 | 4.62% | 1,040 | 0.7419 | 771 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 1,060 | 0.6886 | 730 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 18,813 | 0.6886 | 12,954 |
| Total | 16,830 | |||
P_0 = 16,830 KRW
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 30,270 KRW, ROE = 14.93%, payout ratio = 16.49%, r = 7.75%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30,270 | 4,520 | 2,346 | 2,174 | 0.9281 | 2,018 |
| 2 | 34,045 | 5,083 | 2,638 | 2,445 | 0.8613 | 2,106 |
| 3 | 38,289 | 5,717 | 2,967 | 2,750 | 0.7994 | 2,198 |
| 4 | 43,064 | 6,430 | 3,337 | 3,093 | 0.7419 | 2,295 |
| 5 | 48,433 | 7,231 | 3,753 | 3,478 | 0.6886 | 2,395 |
| Terminal value | 61,715 | 0.6886 | 42,494 | |||
P_0 = 30,270 + 11,011 + 42,494 = 83,775 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 4,181.7 − 444.2 + 197.4 × (1 − 25.97%) = 3,883.7 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 71,308.1, D = 3,897.8 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 94.82%, debt weight = 5.18%; cost of debt k_d = 5.07%
WACC = 94.82% × 7.75% + 5.18% × 5.07% × (1 − 25.97%) = 7.54%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.47% | 4,367.9 | 0.9299 | 4,061.6 |
| 2 | 9.85% | 4,798.2 | 0.8647 | 4,148.9 |
| 3 | 7.23% | 5,145.4 | 0.8040 | 4,137.0 |
| 4 | 4.62% | 5,382.9 | 0.7476 | 4,024.5 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 5,490.6 | 0.6952 | 3,817.1 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 101,061.5 | 0.6952 | 70,259.3 |
| Total | 90,448.4 | |||
Firm value = 90,448.4; less borrowings 3,897.8; plus cash 11,409.9 → 97,960.5 KRW hundred million
P_0 = 97,960.5 KRW hundred million ÷ 96,885,948 (shares) = 101,109 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 4,181.7 − 444.2 + -1,657.5 (net borrowing) = 2,080.1 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.47% | 2,339.4 | 0.9281 | 2,171.2 |
| 2 | 9.85% | 2,569.9 | 0.8613 | 2,213.5 |
| 3 | 7.23% | 2,755.8 | 0.7994 | 2,203.0 |
| 4 | 4.62% | 2,883.0 | 0.7419 | 2,139.0 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 2,940.7 | 0.6886 | 2,024.8 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 52,175.9 | 0.6886 | 35,925.8 |
| Total | 46,677.3 | |||
P_0 = 46,677.3 KRW hundred million ÷ 96,885,948 (shares) = 48,178 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.