Kumho Tire
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
KUMHO TIRE CO., INC. was established on June 30, 2003, through the transfer of assets and liabilities from Kumho Industrial Co., Ltd. The company is listed on the KOSPI market and is headquartered in Gwangju.
The company manufactures and distributes tires globally. It operates eight production plants across South Korea, China, Vietnam, and the United States. Its distribution network consists of eleven overseas subsidiaries and thirteen overseas branches and offices.
Business overview as filed
당사는 한국, 중국, 미국, 베트남에 위치한 8개 타이어 생산공장을 토대로 글로벌 생산체계를 구축하고, 전세계 판매 네트워크를 갖춘 타이어 제조, 판매 기업입니다.국내에는 금호타이어 본사, 타이어 생산을 담당하는 광주/곡성/평택공장을 운영하고 있습니다. 해외에는 남경/천진/장춘 등 중국 3개 공장과 미국, 베트남에 위치한 2개의 공장에서 생산을 담당하고 있습니다.또한, 11개 해외법인과 13개 해외지사/사무소에서 글로벌 타이어 판매를 담당하고 있으며, 한국/중국/미국/독일 5개 지역에 R&D센터를 운영하고 있습니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황
1) 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
2) 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 국문으로 금호타이어 주식회사, 영문으로 KUMHO TIRE CO., INC.라 표기합니다. 단, 약식으로 표기할 경우에는 금호타이어(주)라고 표기합니다.
다. 설립일자 등
당사는 2003년 6월 30일 타이어 제조 및 판매업을 영위하기 위하여 금호산업(주)의 타이어 사업부 자산ㆍ부채의 현물출자 및 영업양수도를 통하여 설립되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지
- 주 소 : 광주광역시 광산구 어등대로 658- 전화번호 : 062-940-2114- 홈페이지 : www.kumhotire.com
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 주요 사업의 내용
금호타이어는 한국, 중국, 베트남, 미국에 위치한 8개 타이어 생산공장을 토대로 글로벌 생산체계를 구축하고, 11개의 해외법인, 13개 해외지사/사무소를 통해 글로벌 판매 네트워크를 갖춘 타이어 제조, 판매기업입니다.
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
- 신용등급 정의 (회사채 기준)
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.17), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 42.8% (2026-06-23). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.036%[-0.489%, +0.561%]
- R squared
- 0.15
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.33[0.01, 0.65]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSPI200 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 30,404 | 29,472 | 28,764 | 25,587 | 23,692 | 21,707 | 26,012 | 35,592 | 40,414 | 45,322 | 47,013 | 47,744 |
| Revenue growth% | — | -3.06 | -2.40 | -11.05 | -7.41 | -8.38 | 19.83 | 36.83 | 13.55 | 12.14 | 3.73 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 1,360 | 1,201 | -1,642 | -982 | 574 | -45 | -415 | 231 | 4,110 | 5,886 | 5,759 | 5,834 |
| Operating income growth% | — | -11.70 | -236.82 | — | — | -107.79 | — | — | 1,676.52 | 43.21 | -2.16 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | -675 | -379 | -1,123 | -1,919 | -434 | -829 | -719 | -775 | 1,718 | 3,516 | 3,768 | 5,094 |
| Net income growth% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 104.61 | 7.15 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -694 | -360 | -1,258 | -1,837 | -434 | -829 | -711 | -790 | 1,578 | 3,249 | 3,474 | 4,766 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 19 | -18 | 135 | -82 | — | — | -7 | 15 | 141 | 267 | 294 | 329 |
| Operating margin% | 4.47 | 4.07 | -5.71 | -3.84 | 2.42 | -0.21 | -1.60 | 0.65 | 10.17 | 12.99 | 12.25 | 12.22 |
| Net margin% | -2.22 | -1.29 | -3.91 | -7.50 | -1.83 | -3.82 | -2.76 | -2.18 | 4.25 | 7.76 | 8.01 | 10.67 |
| ROE% | -6.07 | -3.27 | -14.05 | -13.69 | -3.36 | -7.10 | -6.07 | -7.01 | 12.48 | 18.88 | 17.12 | 19.67 |
| ROA% | -1.29 | -0.74 | -2.47 | -4.55 | -1.10 | -2.16 | -1.65 | -1.65 | 3.56 | 6.56 | 6.80 | 8.00 |
| Debt ratio% | 314.02 | 321.85 | 389.06 | 214.62 | 203.99 | 229.41 | 238.82 | 277.24 | 245.30 | 181.54 | 147.44 | 138.84 |
| Current ratio% | 66.14 | 66.72 | 61.39 | 107.89 | 114.51 | 121.52 | 103.50 | 75.33 | 106.14 | 103.41 | 114.20 | 126.37 |
| Quick ratio% | 44.12 | 43.20 | 38.92 | 70.33 | 69.64 | 78.75 | 64.31 | 40.56 | 67.88 | 60.49 | 74.05 | 83.23 |
| Reserve ratio% | — | — | 14.68 | -6.18 | -10.35 | -17.91 | -23.55 | -27.11 | -17.50 | 2.64 | 24.17 | 39.90 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,130 | 2,724 | 6,029 | — |
| FCF margin% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.75 | 6.01 | 12.82 | — |
| OCF conversion% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 293.96 | 147.86 | 242.93 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4.75 | 5.46 | 6.64 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 75.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 90.5 | 82.6 | 83.8 | 87.4 | 88.9 | 84.9 | 86.6 | 95.7 | 98.0 | 105.5 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 60.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 105.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EPSKRW | -439 | -228 | -796 | -640 | -151 | -289 | -248 | -275 | 549 | 1,131 | 1,209 | 1,659 |
| PERx | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.82 | 4.22 | 4.85 | 2.94 |
| BPSKRW | — | 6,976 | 5,667 | 4,671 | 4,500 | 4,065 | 4,083 | 3,920 | 4,401 | 5,990 | 7,065 | 8,433 |
| PBRx | — | 1.22 | 0.78 | 1.14 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 1.13 | 0.71 | 1.22 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.58 |
| Dividend per share | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 47,013
- Cost of sales
- 32,483
- Gross profit
- 14,530
- SG&A expenses
- 8,772
- Operating income
- 5,759
- Profit before tax
- 4,600
- Non-operating expenses
- 1,158
- Net income
- 3,768
- Income tax expense
- 832
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52,200 | 51,217* | 45,436 | 42,214 | 39,295 | 38,462 | 43,422 | 46,950 | 48,310 | 53,628 | 55,395 | |
| 16,315 | 15,576* | 14,947 | 13,173 | 10,737 | 11,550 | 15,530 | 17,649 | 20,022 | 23,350 | 25,848 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 2,439 | 1,635 | 1,520 | 2,718 | 1,095 | 1,557 | 3,010 | 1,732 | 2,585 | 2,078 | 5,748 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | — | — | 376 | 586 | 488 | 469 | 457 | 420 | 783 | 177 | 214 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 5,432 | 5,491 | 5,470 | 4,586 | 4,208 | 4,065 | 5,880 | 8,147 | 7,217 | 9,692 | 9,088 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 5,908 | 6,249 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 35,885 | 35,640* | 30,489 | 28,756 | 28,427 | 26,758 | 27,753 | 29,166 | 28,288 | 30,278 | 29,547 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 29,976 | 29,518* | 27,766 | 25,799 | 24,680 | 22,975 | 23,919 | 25,313 | 24,745 | 26,533 | 25,690 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 347 | 287 | Not applicable | 55 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 50 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 39,592 | 39,076* | 36,146 | 28,797 | 26,368 | 26,786 | 30,606 | 34,504 | 34,319 | 34,580 | 33,008 | |
| 24,666* | 23,346* | 24,350 | 12,209 | 9,377 | 9,504 | 15,005 | 23,428 | 18,863 | 22,580 | 22,634 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 3,721 | 3,611 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 2,811 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 12,174* | 8,363* | 7,600 | 5,070 | 4,045 | 3,664 | 4,834 | 9,568 | 8,049 | 10,507 | 9,958 |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 4,801 | 7,501 | 8,783 | 1,346 | 898 | 960 | 2,536 | 5,337 | 1,243 | 980 | 1,146 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 201 | 181 | 192 | 211 | 207 | 290 | 303 |
| 14,925* | 15,730 | 11,796 | 16,588 | 16,992 | 17,282 | 15,601 | 11,076 | 15,456 | 12,000 | 10,375 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 10,831* | 11,468 | 8,524 | 13,447 | 13,547 | 12,781 | 11,804 | 8,608 | — | 7,834 | 4,378 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 276 | 468 | 389 | 288 | 378 | 983 | 953 |
| 12,608 | 12,141* | 9,290 | 13,417 | 12,926 | 11,676 | 12,816 | 12,446 | 13,991 | 19,048 | 22,387 | |
| 11,429 | 11,022* | 8,953 | 13,417 | 12,926 | 11,676 | 11,730 | 11,261 | 12,644 | 17,206 | 20,294 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 7,900 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 | 14,363 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 2,467 | 2,467 | 2,467 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 | 2,250 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 848 | 539* | -1,308 | -3,138 | -3,737 | -4,822 | -5,633 | -6,143 | -4,764 | -1,870 | 1,222 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 409 | 311 | 89 | 137 | 246 | 80 | 945 | 987 | 990 | 2,658 | 2,655 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 | -195 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 1,179 | 1,119* | 337 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,086 | 1,184 | 1,347 | 1,843 | 2,093 |
| 금융기관예치금As filed | 1,737 | 1,377 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융리스채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — |
| 유동 금융리스채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 당기손익-공정가치 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 100 | 57 | 0 | 34 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동매출채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8,067 | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 20 |
| 매출채권As filed | — | — | 6,463 | 4,560 | 4,163 | 4,573 | 5,434 | 6,381 | — | 10,627 | 9,816 |
| 기타 유동채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 885 | — | — |
| 단기대여금 및 기타수취채권As filed | — | — | 291 | 137 | 157 | 200 | 189 | 315 | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금및기타수취채권As filed | 286 | 208 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 514 | 616 | 827 | 585 | 522 | 625 | 557 | 631 | 483 | 565 | 767 |
| 대여금및기타수취채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 208 | 215 |
| 금융리스채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 매각예정비유동자산As filed | — | — | — | 285 | 130 | 154 | 139 | 135 | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품As filed | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 16 | 21 |
| 장기대여금및기타수취채권As filed | 11 | 4 | — | 252 | — | — | — | — | — | 89 | 85 |
| 금융리스채권(유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-기타금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | — |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 1,610 | 1,868 | 2,051 | 2,068 | 2,157 | 2,182 | 2,412 | 2,540 | 2,275 | 1,968 | 2,105 |
| 무형자산As filed | — | — | 74 | — | 45 | 42 | 46 | — | — | 58 | 61 |
| 기타 비유동채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 274 | — | — |
| 장기대여금 및 기타수취채권As filed | — | — | 3 | — | 590 | 537 | 408 | 389 | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산As filed | 2,518 | 2,491 | 47 | 47 | 176 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 87 |
| 무형자산과 영업권 합계As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 53 | — | — |
| 비유동 금융리스채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 |
| 장기금융리스채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | — |
| 기타자산As filed | 390 | 531 | 546 | 533 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 7 | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 757 | 927 | 867 | 763 | 839 | 1,521 | 1,470 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 6 | 5 |
| 금융리스채권(비유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매입채무As filed | — | — | 3,724 | 2,945 | 1,991 | 1,928 | 2,905 | — | — | 4,064 | 3,217 |
| 기타지급채무As filed | 3,600 | 3,226 | 3,802 | 2,464 | 1,856 | 2,313 | 3,227 | 3,906 | — | — | — |
| 매각예정 또는 소유주에 대한 분배예정으로 분류된 비유동자산이나 처분자산집단As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | — | — | 45,436 | 42,214 | 39,295 | 38,462 | 43,422 | 46,950 | 48,310 | 53,628 | 55,395 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 308 | 347 | 413 | 306 | 225 | 316 | 543 | 849 | — | 471 | 365 |
| 유동판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82 | — | — |
| 단기매입채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,697 | — | — |
| 판매보증충당부채As filed | 303 | 260 | 256 | 75 | 108 | 101 | 93 | 83 | — | 88 | 88 |
| 매입채무 외의 유동채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4,998 | — | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 63 | 290 | 28 | 2 | 54 | 9 | 67 | 12 | 64 | 125 | 493 |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 523 | — | — |
| 파생상품부채As filed | 19 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동 법적소송충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 퇴직급여부채As filed | 1,498 | 1,442 | 1,603 | 1,353 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82 | — | — |
| 장기종업원급여부채As filed | 228 | 254 | 256 | 379 | 553 | 31 | 464 | 464 | — | 1,167 | 1,028 |
| 비유동 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,530 | — | — |
| 소송충당부채As filed | 785 | 1,063 | 1,120 | 1,228 | 870 | 1,492 | 609 | 650 | — | 0 | 0 |
| 유동기타지급채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6,057 | 7,063 |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | 1,093 | 1,099 | 35 | 27 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 | — | 60 | 12 |
| 매입채무 외의 비유동채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 43 | — | — |
| 판매보증충당부채(유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | 107 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동차입금의 비유동성 부분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12,567 | — | — |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 169 | 144 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동 법적소송충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 159 | — | — |
| 비유동 사후처리, 복구, 정화 비용을 위한 충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — |
| 사채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,995 |
| 자본금As filed | 7,900 | 7,900 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 1,582 | 1,790 | 1,904 | 1,487 | — | — | — |
| 복구충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | — | 5 | 6 |
| 부채와자본총계As filed | 52,200 | 51,217 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동종업원급여충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 688 | — | — |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,669 | 1,760 |
| 비유동기타지급채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 40 |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30,404 | 29,472 | 28,764 | 25,587 | 23,692 | 21,707 | 26,012 | 35,592 | 40,414 | 45,322 | 47,013 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 22,651 | 22,018* | 24,222 | 21,895* | 18,354 | 16,982 | 21,383 | 29,548 | 29,313 | 31,499 | 32,483 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 7,753 | 7,455* | 4,542 | 3,692* | 5,338 | 4,724 | 4,629 | 6,044 | 11,101 | 13,822 | 14,530 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 6,394 | 6,254 | 6,185 | 4,674* | 4,764 | 4,769 | 5,044 | 5,812 | 6,991 | 7,937 | 8,772 |
| 1,360 | 1,201* | -1,642 | -982 | 574 | -45 | -415 | 231 | 4,110 | 5,886 | 5,759 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 95 | 255 | 299 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,856 | 1,631 | 994 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,348 | 1,630 | 2,820 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,426 | 1,808 | 3,284 |
| -655 | -378* | -1,323 | -1,937 | -390 | -869 | -752 | -840 | 2,271 | 4,333 | 4,600 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 20 | 1 | -199 | -17 | 44 | -39 | -33 | 66 | -553 | 817 | 832 |
| -675 | -379* | -1,123 | -1,919 | -434 | -829 | -719 | -775 | 1,718 | 3,516 | 3,768 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -694 | -360* | -1,258 | -1,837 | -434 | -829 | -711 | -790 | 1,578 | 3,249 | 3,474 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 19 | -18* | 135 | -82 | Not applicable | Not applicable | -7 | 15 | 141 | 267 | 294 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | -439 | -228* | -796 | Not applicable | -151 | -289 | -248 | -275 | 549 | 1,131 | 1,209 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | -439 | -228* | -796 | Not applicable | -151 | -289 | -248 | -275 | 549 | 1,131 | 1,209 |
| -638 | -428* | -1,326 | -1,654 | -479 | -1,186 | 72 | -370 | 1,493 | 5,058 | 3,339 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 36 | -49* | -203 | 265 | -45 | -357 | 791 | 405 | -226 | 1,541 | -429 |
| 영업외손익As filed | -2,014 | -1,578 | 320 | -955 | -964 | -824 | -336 | -1,072 | -1,839 | -1,553 | -1,158 |
| 기타수익As filed | 952 | 1,103 | 2,810 | 703 | 780 | 817 | 1,294 | 1,947 | — | — | — |
| 기타비용As filed | 1,652 | -1,314 | -1,379 | -1,639 | -725 | -1,037 | -860 | -1,691 | — | — | — |
| 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 163 | 496 | 251 |
| 금융수익As filed | 189 | 157 | 380 | 1,387 | 81 | 340 | 156 | 191 | — | — | — |
| 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,330 | 4,562 | 3,088 |
| 금융원가As filed | 1,503 | -1,524 | -1,492 | -1,406 | -1,100 | -944 | -926 | -1,518 | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가이익(손실)As filed | -1 | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장 외화환산차이As filed | 67 | -108 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 파생상품평가손실As filed | -0 | 8 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정요소As filed | -30 | 52 | — | 203 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | -662 | -407 | -1,453 | -1,587 | -479 | -1,186 | 54 | -469 | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | 63 | 109 | — | — | 126 | 25 | — | — |
| 비지배지분As filed | 23 | -21 | 127 | -67 | — | — | 18 | 99 | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이As filed | — | — | -244 | — | — | -166 | 890 | — | — | 1,897 | -47 |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익As filed | — | — | 35 | — | — | -191 | -100 | 279 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,897 | -47 |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | -153 | — | — | — | -251 | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -355 | -382 |
| 확정급여제도의재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -355 | -382 |
| 기본주당손실As filed | — | — | — | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 희석주당손실As filed | — | — | — | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | -675 | -379 | -1,123 | -1,919 | -434 | -829 | -719 | -775 | 1,718 | 3,516 | 3,768 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 2,925 | 2,262 | 1,638 | 2,852 | 1,899 | 3,072 | 1,523 | -1,026 | 3,333 | 1,683 | 5,385 |
| 2,250 | 1,883* | 514 | 932 | 1,465 | 2,243 | 804 | -1,800 | 5,052 | 5,199 | 9,153 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 22 | 33 | Not applicable | 62 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 45 | 45 | 164 | 120 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 935 | 1,099 | Not applicable | 994 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 914 | 1,481 | 1,347 | 944 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 502 | -172 | Not applicable | 49 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 147 | 140 | 270 | 449 |
| -5,817 | -2,649 | -837 | -1,672 | -982 | -765 | -1,067 | -3,324 | -2,010 | -1,577 | -1,961 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,921 | 2,475 | 3,124 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 42 | 60 | 73 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| 3,907 | 56* | 247 | 1,924 | -2,136 | -1,006 | 1,611 | 3,757 | -2,219 | -4,288 | -3,608 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | — | — | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 6,431 | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 1,971 | 2,439 | 1,635 | 1,520 | 2,718 | 1,095 | 1,557 | 3,010 | 1,732 | 2,585 | 2,078 |
| 2,439 | 1,635 | 1,520 | 2,718 | 1,095 | 1,557 | 3,010 | 1,732 | 2,585 | 2,078 | 5,748 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | -13 | Not applicable | 29 | -10 | 104 | Not applicable | 29 | 159 | 85 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 432 | -795 | -88* | 1,198 | -1,623 | 462 | Not applicable | -1,367 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 영업으로부터 창출된 현금As filed | 3,680 | 2,816 | 2,030 | 1,912 | 2,247 | 2,934 | 1,457 | -785 | — | 6,653 | 10,426 |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | 43 | 1,354 | 2,581 | 565 | 49 | 179 | 609 | 77 | 2,739 | 498 | 2,176 |
| 당기순손실As filed | — | — | -1,123 | — | -434 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순손익As filed | -675 | -379 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | -1,919 | — | -829 | -719 | -775 | 1,718 | 3,516 | 3,768 |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21,296 | 30,937 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 11,890 | 6,125 | 4,970 | 4,432 | 1,133 | — | 11,045 | 20,248 | 20,314 | 20,798 | 26,768 |
| 조정As filed | 4,678 | 4,657 | 3,290 | 3,940 | 4,005 | 4,316 | 3,462 | 3,686 | — | 6,512 | 6,028 |
| 사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,994 |
| 영업활동으로 인한 자산ㆍ부채의 변동As filed | -323 | -1,462 | — | -109 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업활동으로인한자산ㆍ부채의변동As filed | — | — | -137 | — | -1,324 | -552 | -1,287 | -3,696 | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 321 | 75 | — | 818 | 512 | 5,223 | 4,223 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | 8,672 | 8,377 | 6,045 | 6,554 | 2,739 | — | — | 15,101 | 22,378 | 19,025 | 28,716 |
| 이자의 수취As filed | — | — | 10 | — | 22 | 12 | 16 | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25,584 | 34,544 |
| 이자의 지급As filed | — | — | 1,239 | — | 783 | 666 | 593 | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 12,910 | 9,154 | 8,356 | 11,428 | 1,182 | 8,140 | 12,711 | 20,324 | 23,053 | — | — |
| 배당금의 지급As filed | 14 | 39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 9,003 | 9,098 | 8,109 | 9,504 | 3,318 | 9,146 | 11,100 | -16,567 | 25,272 | — | — |
| 리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 285 | — | — |
| 법인세의 납부As filed | — | — | 258 | — | 20 | 39 | 76 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,040 | 1,252 |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 1,674 | 3,542 | 2,133 | 309 | 305 | 635 | 1,184 | 854 | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | 280 | 647 | — | 2,490 | — | 531 | 952 | 400 | 2,096 | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | 57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 257 | 234 | 224 | 248 | — | 295 | 353 |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 22 |
| 유형자산의 처분As filed | 41 | 1,850 | 279 | 221 | 63 | 58 | 682 | 274 | — | — | — |
| 금융기관예치금의 감소As filed | 1,584 | 1,634 | 676 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 397 | 944 | 1,338 |
| 기타투자자산의 감소As filed | 1 | 5 | 13 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| 장ㆍ단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | 196 | 279 | 174 | 325 | 62 | 652 | 82 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 201 | 56 | — | — | — | — |
| 장ㆍ단기대여금및기타수취채권의 감소As filed | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 3 | 26 | 272 | 255 | — | 160 | 24 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | 22 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 정부보조금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 72 | 127 |
| 매도가능금융자산의 감소As filed | — | 7 | 1,144 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산의 감소As filed | 18 | 22 | 19 | 29 | 44 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 7,492 | 6,191 | 2,969 | 1,980 | 1,287 | 1,400 | 2,251 | -4,178 | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 처분As filed | 30 | — | — | — | — | 71 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,407 | 2,521 | 3,299 |
| 유형자산의 취득As filed | — | 3,655 | 2,899 | 1,588 | 895 | 908 | 2,045 | 3,732 | — | — | — |
| 장ㆍ단기대여금및기타수취채권의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 202 | 51 | 98 | 129 | 47 | 27 | 26 |
| 무형자산의 취득As filed | 3 | 10 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 111 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장ㆍ단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 187 | 271 | 105 | 292 | 432 | 10 | 119 |
| 단기대여금및기타수취채권의 증가As filed | 2 | 6 | 2 | 250 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 금융기관예치금의 증가As filed | 707 | 1,573 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 294 | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — |
| 보험금의 수령As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,010 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 170 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산의 증가As filed | 22 | 947 | 18 | 29 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업활동으로 인한 자산 부채의 변동As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,042 | -3,375 | 630 |
| 유형자산및투자부동산의 취득As filed | 6,758 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6,627 | — | — |
| 기타투자자산의 증가As filed | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익조정을 위한 가감As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5,951 | — | — |
| 환율변동효과 반영전 현금및현금성자산의 순증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 824 | — | — |
| 현금의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,348 | — | — | -666 | 3,584 |
| 단기차입부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 7,961 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 정부보조금의 증가As filed | 976 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 유상증자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,056 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9,924 | — | — | — | — |
| 환율차이에 의한 변동As filed | 92 | -85 | — | 13 | — | — | — | 90 | — | — | — |
| 국고보조금의 증가As filed | — | 778 | 507 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입부채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 8,306 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사채의 발행As filed | — | 898 | 299 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 조기상환As filed | 50 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배지분의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 454 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타As filed | — | — | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | 2,061 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의 환율변동효과As filed | 36 | -9 | -24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 연결범위변동As filed | — | — | -2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
In the latest fiscal year cash generated by operations covered both investing outflows and financing outflows.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.17.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 23 | 안진회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 22 | 안진회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 21 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 2022년 12월 31일 현재의 재무상태, 동일로 종료되는 양 보고기간의 재무성과 및 현금흐름을 한국채택국제회계기준에 따라 중요성의 관점에서 공정하게 표시하고 있음Term 20 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 한국채택국제회계기준에 위배되어 작성되었다는 점이 발견되지 아니함Term 19 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 2020년 12월 31일 현재의 재무상태, 동일로 종료되는 양 보고기간의 재무성과 및 현금흐름을 한국채택국제회계기준에 따라 중요성의 관점에서 공정하게 표시하고 있음Term 18 | 안진회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 연결재무상태와 동일로 종료되는 보고기간의 연결재무성과 및 연결현금흐름을 한국채택국제회계기준에 따라, 중요성의 관점에서 공정하게 표시하고 있습니 다.Term 17 | 삼정회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 한국채택국제회계기준에 위배되어 작성되었다는 점이 발견되지 아니함Term 16 | 삼일회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 한국채택국제회계기준에 위배되어 작성되었다는 점이 발견되지 아니함Term 15 | 한영회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | 74,109 | +993.1% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 19,889 | +193.3% |
| Residual income model RIM | 27,570 | +306.6% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.61 × 5.00% = 7.46%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(17.12% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 17.12%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 7,065 KRW, ROE = 17.12%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 7.46%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7,065 | 1,209 | 527 | 682 | 0.9305 | 635 |
| 2 | 8,274 | 1,416 | 618 | 799 | 0.8659 | 692 |
| 3 | 9,690 | 1,659 | 723 | 935 | 0.8057 | 754 |
| 4 | 11,349 | 1,943 | 847 | 1,096 | 0.7498 | 821 |
| 5 | 13,292 | 2,275 | 992 | 1,283 | 0.6977 | 895 |
| Terminal value | 23,948 | 0.6977 | 16,709 | |||
P_0 = 7,065 + 3,797 + 16,709 = 27,570 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 9,153.0 − 3,123.8 + 944.0 × (1 − 18.10%) = 6,802.3 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 19,476.2, D = 15,482.3 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 55.71%, debt weight = 44.29%; cost of debt k_d = 6.10%
WACC = 55.71% × 7.46% + 44.29% × 6.10% × (1 − 18.10%) = 6.37%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17.12% | 7,966.7 | 0.9401 | 7,489.6 |
| 2 | 13.34% | 9,029.4 | 0.8838 | 7,980.2 |
| 3 | 9.56% | 9,892.5 | 0.8309 | 8,219.4 |
| 4 | 5.78% | 10,464.2 | 0.7811 | 8,173.8 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 10,673.5 | 0.7343 | 7,837.9 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 249,098.1 | 0.7343 | 182,920.8 |
| Total | 222,621.7 | |||
Firm value = 222,621.7; less borrowings 15,482.3; plus cash 5,747.6 → 212,887.0 KRW hundred million
P_0 = 212,887.0 KRW hundred million ÷ 287,260,287 (shares) = 74,109 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 9,153.0 − 3,123.8 + -3,839.5 (net borrowing) = 2,189.7 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17.12% | 2,564.5 | 0.9305 | 2,386.4 |
| 2 | 13.34% | 2,906.6 | 0.8659 | 2,516.8 |
| 3 | 9.56% | 3,184.4 | 0.8057 | 2,565.8 |
| 4 | 5.78% | 3,368.5 | 0.7498 | 2,525.6 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 3,435.8 | 0.6977 | 2,397.2 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 64,127.8 | 0.6977 | 44,741.7 |
| Total | 57,133.4 | |||
P_0 = 57,133.4 KRW hundred million ÷ 287,260,287 (shares) = 19,889 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.