Seojin System
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Adjusted prices rescale past bars with coefficients taken from the base prices the exchange itself published, correcting for corporate actions such as stock splits and reverse splits. Cash dividends are not reflected, and the risk measures on this page never use these adjusted figures.
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
Seojin System. was established on October 30, 2007. The company is listed on the KOSDAQ market and operates with 26 affiliates, including 5 domestic and 21 overseas entities.
The company is a global metal platform supplier. It provides products for energy storage systems, semiconductor equipment, electric vehicles and battery components, communication equipment, industrial machinery, home appliances, and heavy industry parts to global customers.
Business overview as filed
당사는 글로벌 메탈 플랫폼 전문 공급업체로 본사 외 국내법인 5개사와 해외법인 21개사(베트남 12개사, 미국 4개사, 중국 2개사, 인도네시아 2개사, 헝가리 1개사)를 포함하여 총 26개(특수목적 회사 제외)의 계열회사를 두고 있습니다. 주요 생산 거점인 베트남 법인에 총 29만평 이상 부지의 대규모 생산 시설과 제조 설비를 보유하고 있으며 부품 및 설비 내재화와 전 제조 공정의 수직 계열화를 통해 높은 생산성과 가격 경쟁력을 확보해 나가고 있습니다. 주요 사업부문은 에너지저장장치(ESS) 장비 사업, 반도체 장비 사업, 전기자동차 및 배터리 부품 사업, 통신 장비 사업, 산업기계 및 생활가전 사업, 중공업 부품 사업 등으로 다양한 첨단 산업 분야의 제품을 제조하여 글로벌 고객사에 제공하고 있습니다. 2025년 연결 매출액은 1,066,331백만원을 기록하였으며, 해당 기간의 사업부문별 매출액 비중은 ESS장비 사업 37.3%, 반도체장비 사업 27.3%, 통신장비 사업 12.3%, 전기자동차 및 배터리 부품 사업 6.7% 등입니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황
1-1. 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭 당사의 명칭은 '주식회사 서진시스템'이며, 영문으로는 'SEOJIN SYSTEM CO., LTD.'라고 표기합니다.
다. 설립일자 당사는 2007년 10월 30일 주식회사 서진시스템으로 설립되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 주요 사업의 내용 당사는 글로벌 메탈 플랫폼 전문 공급업체로 본사 외 국내법인 5개사와 해외법인 21개사(베트남 12개사, 미국 4개사, 중국 2개사, 인도네시아 2개사, 헝가리 1개사)를 포함하여 총 26개(특수목적 회사 제외)의 계열회사를 두고 있습니다. 주요 생산 거점인 베트남 법인에 총 29만평 이상 부지의 대규모 생산 시설과 제조 설비를 보유하고 있으며 부품 및 설비 내재화와 전 제조 공정의 수직 계열화를 통해 높은 생산성과 가격 경쟁력을 확보해 나가고 있습니다. 주요 사업부문은 에너지저장장치(ESS) 장비 사업, 반도체 장비 사업, 전기자동차 및 배터리 부품 사업, 통신 장비 사업, 산업기계 및 생활가전 사업, 중공업 부품 사업 등으로 다양한 첨단 산업 분야의 제품을 제조하여 글로벌 고객사에 제공하고 있습니다.
주요 사업내용에 대한 자세한 사항은 본 공시서류의 [
II. 사업의 내용
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
(1) 최근 3년간 신용평가에 관한 내용
(2) 신용평가 회사의 신용등급체계 및 등급부여의미① 한국기업평가㈜
② 이크레더블 ③ 한국평가데이터
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.23), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 65.5% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.326%[-0.150%, +0.801%]
- R squared
- 0.42
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.93[0.61, 1.24]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 1,659 | 2,379 | 3,246 | 3,924 | 3,219 | 6,061 | 7,876 | 7,787 | 12,138 | 10,663 | 12,168 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 43.45 | 36.41 | 20.88 | -17.96 | 88.30 | 29.94 | -1.13 | 55.87 | -12.15 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 244 | 178 | 369 | 544 | 49 | 580 | 444 | 490 | 1,087 | 11 | -661 |
| Operating income growth% | — | -26.83 | 106.59 | 47.54 | -90.98 | 1,082.21 | -23.45 | 10.36 | 121.85 | -98.95 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 196 | 63 | 323 | 490 | -58 | 386 | 16 | — | 839 | -1,024 | -830 |
| Net income growth% | — | -67.85 | 412.49 | 51.48 | -111.92 | — | -95.83 | — | — | -222.04 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | — | — | 301 | 486 | -55 | 386 | 16 | -226 | 843 | -1,012 | -828 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | — | — | 22 | 3 | -3 | — | — | -1 | -3 | -12 | -2 |
| Operating margin% | 14.70 | 7.50 | 11.36 | 13.86 | 1.52 | 9.57 | 5.64 | 6.29 | 8.96 | 0.11 | -5.43 |
| Net margin% | 11.83 | 2.65 | 9.96 | 12.49 | -1.81 | 6.37 | 0.20 | — | 6.91 | -9.60 | -6.82 |
| ROE% | — | — | 13.88 | 18.46 | -2.28 | 10.72 | 0.30 | -4.53 | 9.68 | -13.80 | -8.40 |
| ROA% | 8.67 | 2.43 | 7.39 | 8.70 | -0.84 | 3.68 | 0.12 | — | 3.99 | -4.44 | -2.73 |
| Debt ratio% | 212.15 | 113.72 | 97.50 | 110.96 | 186.09 | 191.52 | 156.65 | 205.19 | 140.21 | 212.62 | 206.16 |
| Current ratio% | 75.41 | 88.21 | 81.36 | 100.84 | 107.98 | 121.10 | 109.90 | 84.79 | 129.02 | 86.51 | 93.61 |
| Quick ratio% | 40.60 | 46.18 | 43.86 | 46.72 | 47.35 | 42.72 | 30.45 | 17.47 | 41.73 | 24.82 | 33.21 |
| Reserve ratio% | 2,945.11 | 3,517.17 | 2,220.82 | 2,728.83 | 2,607.07 | 3,143.13 | 1,471.61 | 1,309.93 | 2,608.31 | 2,214.33 | 2,632.44 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | -4 | -442 | -768 | -809 | -1,465 | -1,256 | -1,388 | -1,200 | -2,905 | -3,324 | — |
| FCF margin% | -0.27 | -18.57 | -23.65 | -20.62 | -45.52 | -20.72 | -17.63 | -15.42 | -23.94 | -31.17 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 195.56 | -126.89 | 218.13 | -37.74 | — | -13.81 | 1,500.56 | — | -135.20 | — | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 23.41 | 15.20 | 45.38 | 15.91 | 34.32 | 19.84 | 20.70 | 20.88 | 14.59 | 27.44 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 55.5 | 49.0 | 52.6 | 82.9 | 66.4 | 72.1 | 69.2 | 59.0 | 93.2 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 91.7 | 86.4 | 113.6 | 185.4 | 187.4 | 236.1 | 326.5 | 253.9 | 309.7 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 96.6 | 95.8 | 98.5 | 100.1 | 102.6 | 128.4 | 150.0 | 99.1 | 112.0 | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 50.6 | 39.6 | 67.7 | 168.1 | 151.3 | 179.8 | 245.7 | 213.8 | 290.9 | — |
| EPSKRW | 5,357 | 1,091 | 4,124 | 2,688 | -304 | 2,091 | 43 | -56 | 1,498 | -1,801 | -1,301 |
| PERx | — | 31.90 | 4.21 | 10.71 | — | 20.66 | 406.98 | — | 17.92 | — | — |
| BPSKRW | — | — | 23,964 | 14,558 | 13,364 | 19,169 | 14,358 | 13,257 | 15,467 | 13,127 | 15,499 |
| PBRx | — | — | 0.72 | 1.98 | 3.79 | 2.25 | 1.22 | 1.37 | 1.74 | 1.93 | 3.39 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | — | 100 | 200 | 300 | — | 300 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Payout ratio% | — | 9.17 | 4.85 | 11.16 | — | 14.35 | — | — | — | — | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
This fiscal year shows a loss at gross profit, operating income, profit before tax or net income, so it is left to the table rather than drawn as a flow.
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,263 | 2,592 | 4,378 | 5,630 | 6,921 | 10,500 | 13,848 | 15,201 | 21,032 | 23,064 | |
| 978 | 1,103 | 1,544 | 2,156 | 2,816 | 5,310 | 7,288 | 7,801 | 11,416 | 11,916 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 133 | 197 | 250 | 262 | 218 | 241 | 188 | 161 | 411 | 321 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 451 | 525 | 712 | 1,157 | 1,581 | 3,436 | 5,269 | 6,194 | 7,723 | 8,497 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 370 | 354 | 517 | 613 | 849 | 1,358 | 1,754* | 1,197 | 2,725 | 2,723 |
| 1,286 | 1,489 | 2,834 | 3,475 | 4,105 | 5,191 | 6,560 | 7,400 | 9,616 | 11,149 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 1,198 | 1,292 | 2,599 | 3,004 | 3,659 | 4,660 | 5,756 | 6,462 | 8,190 | 9,762 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 61 | 165 | 160 | 9 | 45 | 47 | 55 | 66 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 11 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 16 |
| 1,538 | 1,379 | 2,161 | 2,961 | 4,501 | 6,898 | 8,452 | 10,220 | 12,276 | 15,687 | |
| 1,296 | 1,250 | 1,898 | 2,138 | 2,608 | 4,384 | 6,631 | 9,200 | 8,848 | 13,773 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 624 | 406 | 966 | 654 | 825 | 1,922 | 2,814 | 2,451 | 2,979 | 2,890 |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 529 | 685 | — | 1,281 | 1,168 | 1,886 | 2,264 | 3,137 | 4,636 | 6,648 |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 99 | — | — | 1,029 | — | 770 | 3,476 |
| 242 | 129 | 263 | 824 | 1,894 | 2,514 | 1,821 | 1,020 | 3,428 | 1,914 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 226 | 108 | — | 787 | 1,700 | 2,142 | 1,556 | 949 | 2,880 | 1,699 |
| 725 | 1,213 | 2,217 | 2,669 | 2,419 | 3,602 | 5,396 | 4,981 | 8,756 | 7,378 | |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | 2,169 | 2,635 | 2,419 | 3,602 | 5,396 | 4,982 | 8,700 | 7,335 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 22 | 31 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 94 | 188 | 188 | 281 | 281 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 237 | 660 | 1,282 | 1,282 | 1,282 | 1,487 | 1,397 | 1,397 | 5,441 | 5,451 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 397 | 439 | 728 | 1,188 | 1,077 | 1,466 | 1,368 | 1,064 | 1,895 | 780 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 17 | -34 | 3 | 17 | -208 | 210 | 395 | 343 | 925 | 667 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | 53 | 91 | 65 | 58 | 178 | 344 | 2,048 | 1,990 | 158 | 155 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 48 | 34 | 0 | Not applicable | Not applicable | -1 | 56 | 43 |
| 파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 | 54 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 매각예정자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 0 | 0 |
| 기타금융자산As filed | — | — | 7 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 16 | 26 | 5 | 5 |
| 기타유동금융자산As filed | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 22 | 26 | 59 | 118 | 164 | 259 | 59 | 191 | 551 | 313 |
| 미수법인세환급액As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 매출채권 및 기타채권As filed | — | — | 15 | 50 | 53 | 37 | 42 | 61 | 54 | — |
| 장기매출채권 및 기타비유동채권As filed | 14 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 |
| 매도가능증권As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | 362 | 309 | 374 | 610 | 725 | 765 | 1,033 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | 9 | 2 | 15 | 21 | 15 | 17 | 36 | 13 | 13 | 21 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 4 | 18 | 44 | 25 | 18 | 42 | 34 | 49 | 33 | 57 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 230 | — |
| 무형자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 201 | 217 |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 매출채권및기타채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36 |
| 미지급법인세As filed | 13 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융부채As filed | 80 | 123 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 42 | 28 | 46 | 62 | 122 | 134 | 335 | — | — | 475 |
| 단기차입부채As filed | — | — | 736 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | — | — | 40 | 41 | 5 | 71 | 66 | 55 | 142 | 87 |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 |
| 유동성장기부채As filed | — | — | 110 | — | 488 | 372 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동파생상품부채As filed | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 금융보증부채As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 퇴직급여부채As filed | 16 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 147 | 293 | 124 | 322 | 8 | 198 |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | — | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 3 |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | 23 | 36 | 45 | 47 | 21 | 48 | 32 | 32 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | — | — | 25 | — | — | 31 | 50 | 17 | 237 | 125 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 2,263 | 2,592 | 4,378 | 5,630 | 6,921 | 10,500 | 13,848 | 15,201 | 21,032 | 23,064 |
| 장기차입부채As filed | — | — | 212 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,498 | — | — |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 738 | 313 | — |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 4 | — |
Income statement
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,659 | 2,379 | 3,246 | 3,924 | 3,219 | 6,061 | 7,876* | 7,787 | 12,138 | 10,663 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 1,233 | 1,944 | 2,613 | 3,003 | 2,696 | 4,886 | 6,729* | 6,407 | 10,003 | 9,559 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 426 | 435 | 632 | 921 | 523 | 1,176 | 1,147* | 1,379 | 2,134 | 1,105 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 182 | 257 | 264 | 377 | 474 | 596 | 703* | 889 | 1,047 | 1,093 |
| 244 | 178 | 369 | 544 | 49 | 580 | 444* | 490 | 1,087 | 11 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 57 | 30 | 81 | 146 | 99 | 132 | 220 | 407 | 1,461 | 681 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 94 | 132 | 101 | 138 | 184 | 282 | 531 | 906 | 1,365 | 1,743 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 7 | 22 | 34 | 39 | 32 | 38 | 39* | 34 | 47 | 54 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 7 | 25 | 16 | 62 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 25 | 44 | 57 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -4 |
| 206 | 74 | 366 | 528 | -22 | 451 | 152* | 3 | 1,184 | -1,058 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 10 | 11 | 43 | 38 | 36 | 65 | 136 | 25 | 344 | -33 |
| Profit from continuing operationsKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 839 | -1,024 |
| Profit or loss from discontinued operationsKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 196 | 63 | 323 | 490 | -58 | 386 | 16 | Not applicable | 839 | -1,024 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 301 | 486 | -55 | 386 | 16 | -226 | 843 | -1,012 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 22 | 3 | -3 | Not applicable | Not applicable | -1 | -3 | -12 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 5,357 | 1,091 | 4,124 | 2,688 | -304 | 2,091* | 43* | -56 | Not applicable | -1,801 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 4,399 | 1,091 | 4,124 | 2,688 | -304 | 2,091* | 43* | -56 | Not applicable | -1,801 |
| 195 | 9 | 355 | 519 | -328 | 839 | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,416 | -1,286 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -1 | -54 | 32 | 30 | -270 | 453 | 192 | -57 | 577 | -262 |
| 지분법이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | — |
| 지분법이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — |
| 기본주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 비지배지분As filed | — | — | -0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | -1 | -3 | -13 |
| 계속영업당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -22 | — | — |
| 지배기업 소유주지분As filed | — | — | 32 | 516 | -328 | 839 | — | -283 | 1,420 | -1,273 |
| 희석주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 중단영업당기순손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -205 | — | — |
| 기본주당손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | -1 | -3 | -5 | -4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 희석주당손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | -1 | -3 | — | — | -1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -227 | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | -0 | -51 | 37 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정요소As filed | — | — | -5 | -4 | — | 3 | 8 | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | -0 | -51 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | -1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | — | — | 37 | 34 | -269 | 451 | — | -51 | — | -256 |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | -269 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 184 | — | 411 | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -256 |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류 되는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 451 | — | — | — | — |
| 지배기업 소유주 지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 208 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -5 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목 :As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -51 | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -6 | -5 | -2 |
| 재평가잉여금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 171 | -4 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목 :As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -6 | — | — |
Cash flow statement
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 196 | 63 | 323 | 490 | -58 | 386 | 16 | — | 839 | -1,024 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 188 | -143 | 382 | -675 | -302 | -439 | 226 | — | -1,974 | 627 |
| 384 | -80 | 705 | -185* | -361 | -53 | 242 | 426 | -1,135 | -398 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 0 | 1 | 2 | 28* | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 8 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 9 | 49 | 13 | 124 | 87 | 116 | 196 | Not applicable | 386 | 543 |
| DepreciationKRW 100M | 100 | 129 | 162 | 340 | 334 | 482 | 639 | 775 | — | 1,048 |
| AmortisationKRW 100M | 2 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 20 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 18 | 28 | 13 | 43 | 110 | -88 | 114 | 82 | 84 | 156 |
| -406 | -356 | -1,444 | -613 | -1,107 | -1,185 | -2,151* | -1,624 | -2,118 | -3,056 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 388 | 362 | 1,473 | 624 | 1,105 | 1,203 | 1,630 | 1,626 | 1,771 | 2,927 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 32 | 48 | 30 | 18 | 22 | 30 | 96 | 54 | 39 | 50 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | 16 | 44 | 1 | 5 | 24 | 3 | 8 | 16 | 29 | 32 |
| 119 | 500 | 791 | 810 | 1,424 | 1,260 | 1,852* | 1,170 | 3,490 | 3,338 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | — | 17 | 6 | 36 | 54 | — | 56 | — | — | — |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -77 | 0 | 100 |
| Disposal of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | — |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | 18 | 414 | 651 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 36 | 133 | 197 | 250 | 262 | 218 | 241 | 188 | 161 | 411 |
| 133 | 197 | 250 | 262* | 218 | 241 | 188 | 161 | 411 | 321 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | 1 | -1 | -0 | 1 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 13 | 24 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 98 | 63 | Not applicable | Not applicable | -44 | 21 | -57 | -29 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 가감항목As filed | — | — | 268 | 449 | 518 | 894 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | 196 | 63 | 323 | 490 | -58 | 386 | 16 | — | 839 | -1,024 |
| 외화표시 현금및현금성자산의 환율변동효과As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 가감 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,151 | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익조정을 위한 가감As filed | 166 | 273 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 법인세비용(수익)As filed | — | — | 43 | 38 | 36 | 65 | — | — | — | — |
| 신종자본증권이자지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 법인세비용As filed | 10 | 11 | — | — | — | — | 136 | 25 | 344 | -33 |
| 이자수익As filed | 0 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 9 |
| 리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 110 | 142 | 151 |
| 비지배지분의 변동As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| 신주발행비용의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 신종자본증권 이자지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — |
| 이자비용As filed | 50 | 38 | 38 | 88 | 125 | 211 | 319 | 446 | 494 | 749 |
| 단기사채의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 200 | 511 | — |
| 대손상각비As filed | -0 | 9 | 1 | -1 | -0 | 21 | -1 | — | 6 | — |
| 신종자본증권발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 550 | 105 |
| 기타의 대손상각비As filed | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 916 | 988 | — |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5,535 | 8,407 | 12,837 |
| 신주발행비 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 유형자산처분이익As filed | 1 | 0 | 8 | — | 0 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 15 | 2 |
| 장기사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 310 |
| 외화환산이익As filed | 29 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 48 | 66 | 120 | 854 | 205 |
| 유형자산처분손실As filed | 0 | — | 1 | — | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | 36 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 59 | 97 | 0 | — |
| 전환사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | 1,100 | 1,280 | — | 75 | 1,435 | 664 |
| 주식선택권의 행사As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 무형자산손상차손As filed | — | — | 5 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 외화환산손실As filed | 19 | 50 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 41 | 183 | 388 | 505 |
| 장기차입부채의 차입As filed | — | — | 234 | 741 | 705 | 355 | 229 | — | — | 1,739 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | 441 | 1,069 | — | — | — | — | — | 4,835 | 7,512 | 10,634 |
| 무형자산처분이익As filed | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| 재고자산평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 95 | 59 | 6 | 31 | 159 |
| 선급금(신탁예치금)의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 429 | 289 | 638 |
| 재고자산평가손실환입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | — | -34 | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 107 |
| 주식매수선택권의 행사As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -15 | — |
| 퇴직급여As filed | 10 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 22 | 27 | 27 |
| 전환사채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -81 | 212 |
| 장기차입부채의 상환As filed | — | — | 10 | 252 | 100 | 482 | — | — | — | 215 |
| 파생금융자산평가손실As filed | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 판매보증충당부채전입액As filed | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | 3 |
| 공정가치평가손실As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 22 | 24 | — | — | — |
| 공정가치평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | -0 | 1 | -2 | — | — | — |
| 단기사채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -60 | 140 | 511 |
| 종속기업에 대한 소유주의 변동As filed | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 충당부채전입액As filed | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주식보상비용(환입)As filed | 2 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 소송충당부채전입As filed | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업권손상차손As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| 지분법주식평가손실As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주임종차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 187 | 259 | — |
| 지분법주식평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 9 | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -541 | 736 | — |
| 지분법평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 선급금(신탁예치금)의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -469 | 336 | 628 |
| 영업활동으로인한자산ㆍ부채의변동As filed | 49 | -339 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 운전자본 변동As filed | — | — | 138 | -985 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주임종차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -211 | 423 | — |
| 매출채권 및 기타유동채권의 감소(증가)As filed | -141 | -38 | -167 | -204 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주식보상비용As filed | — | — | 6 | — | 8 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 23 | 36 |
| 재고자산의 감소(증가)As filed | -239 | -74 | -186 | -445 | — | -1,951 | -1,866 | — | -985 | — |
| 단기사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 420 |
| 운전자본의 변동As filed | — | — | — | — | -625 | -1,310 | -621 | -346 | -2,662 | — |
| 장기사채의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 300 | 240 | — |
| 기타유동비금융자산의 감소(증가)As filed | -8 | -3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신종자본증권의 이자지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -72 | — | — |
| 기타유동자산의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | -33 | -59 | -46 | -95 | 200 | -4 | -292 | 198 |
| 매출채권 및 기타채권의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | -12 | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동비금융자산의 감소(증가)As filed | -0 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | -14 | -6 | 6 | -2 | -19 | — | 2 | -9 |
| 주임종단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 190 |
| 매입채무 및 기타유동채무의 증가(감소)As filed | 448 | -216 | 560 | -311 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동비금융부채의 증가(감소)As filed | 0 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매출채권 및 기타채권의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | -433 | -299 | — | — | — | — |
| 보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | — |
| 유동성장기차입부채의 상환As filed | — | — | 134 | 152 | -215 | -315 | -386 | — | — | 817 |
| 기타유동부채의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | -7 | 52 | 59 | 11 | 189 | — | -458 | 190 |
| 퇴직급여채무의 증가(감소)As filed | -3 | -6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 보증금의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | — | — |
| 사외적립자산의공정가치의 감소(증가)As filed | -7 | -7 | — | — | -7 | -10 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 재고자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | -383 | — | — | -846 | — | -1,291 |
| 기타비유동부채의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | -2 | -2 | -1 | -0 | 1 | -0 | -1 | — |
| 매입채무 및 기타채무의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | 188 | 1,050 | 932 | -354 | 110 | — |
| 기타금융자산의 취득As filed | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주임종단기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 190 |
| 퇴직금 지급액As filed | — | — | -6 | -6 | -8 | -15 | -48 | -13 | -17 | -10 |
| 금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -21 | 0 | — |
| 기타금융자산의 처분As filed | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사외적립자산의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | -7 | -4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의유상증자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | 6 | 0 | 3 | 662 | 601 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -9 | 226 | — |
| 임차보증금의 감소As filed | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 21 | — |
| 금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 653 | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | 2 | 6 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 19 | 0 |
| 임차보증금의 증가As filed | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 자기주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 기타보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 423 | 1,175 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 유상증자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | — |
| 관계회사주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 |
| 사업결합으로 인한 현금의 감소As filed | -35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | 0 | — |
| 단기차입부채의 차입As filed | — | — | 1,389 | 2,239 | 2,323 | 3,291 | 4,161 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 232 |
| 보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 연결범위변동As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 유동성장기부채의 상환As filed | -72 | -75 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 단기차입부채의 상환As filed | — | — | 1,331 | 1,721 | 2,235 | 2,869 | 3,682 | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | 225 | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주식매수선택권 행사As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | -8 | — | — | — |
| 장기대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 단기대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 380 |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 |
| 종속기업에 대한 소유지분의 변동As filed | — | — | — | 9 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사외적립자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | -33 | — |
| 환율변동효과 반영전 현금및현금성자산의 순증가(감소)As filed | — | — | 53 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 매출채권및기타채권의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 431 | — | — |
| 신종자본증권의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,700 | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 381 |
| 신종자본증권의 이자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | -54 | — | — | — |
| 현금의 외화환산효과As filed | — | — | — | — | -1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 362 |
| 사업결합As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 |
| 사업결합으로 인한 순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 166 | — |
| 기타유동부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 403 | — | — |
| 운전자본조정합계As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -943 |
| 사외적립자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -23 |
| 이자의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -304 | — | — |
| 비현금항목의 조정As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,381 | 1,154 | — |
| 대손상각비(충당금환입)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | — | -1 |
| 기타비유동부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -3 |
| 매출채권 및 기타채권의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -987 | — |
| 매출채권및기타채권의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -144 |
| 파생상품평가손실(이익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | — | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산 평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | — |
| 매입채무 및 기타채무의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 149 |
| 비현금조정합계As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,261 |
| 잡손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 | — |
| 지분법이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | — |
| 염가매수차익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| 사용권자산처분손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | — |
| 파생상품평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -178 | 98 |
| 당기손익인식금융자산평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -9 | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 |
| 판매보증충당부채의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | — |
| 당기순이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -227 | — | — |
| 사채상환이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 11 |
| 지분법손실 조정As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — |
| 지분법손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| 파생상품평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 64 |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산평가손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 |
| 재고자산평가충당금환입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융상품처분손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 |
| 사용권자산처분이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 감가상각비(사용권자산 포함)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 923 | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -115 |
| 현금및현금성자산의 순증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 238 | — |
In the latest fiscal year operations and investing consumed cash raised through financing activities.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.23.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 19 | 이정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 18 | 이정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 17 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 15 | 현대회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 14 | 현대회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 13 | 현대회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 12 | 현대회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 11 | 현대회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Dividend historyKRW
The dividend-per-share bars are restated onto the current share basis for splits and par-value changes. The payout ratio and the dividend yield divide figures filed for the same period and are left unadjusted.
Payout ratio and dividend yield%
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 5,331 | -87.1% |
| Residual income model RIM | -11,628 | -128.2% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.92 × 5.00% = 8.98%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(-13.80% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 0.00%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 13,127 KRW, ROE = -13.80%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 8.98%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13,127 | -1,812 | 1,179 | -2,991 | 0.9176 | -2,744 |
| 2 | 11,315 | -1,562 | 1,016 | -2,578 | 0.8420 | -2,171 |
| 3 | 9,753 | -1,346 | 876 | -2,222 | 0.7726 | -1,717 |
| 4 | 8,407 | -1,160 | 755 | -1,916 | 0.7089 | -1,358 |
| 5 | 7,247 | -1,000 | 651 | -1,651 | 0.6505 | -1,074 |
| Terminal value | -24,123 | 0.6505 | -15,692 | |||
P_0 = 13,127 + -9,064 + -15,692 = -11,628 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = -397.6 − 2,926.5 + 3,537.6 (net borrowing) = 213.5 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00% | 213.5 | 0.9176 | 195.9 |
| 2 | 0.50% | 214.6 | 0.8420 | 180.7 |
| 3 | 1.00% | 216.8 | 0.7726 | 167.5 |
| 4 | 1.50% | 220.0 | 0.7089 | 156.0 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 224.4 | 0.6505 | 146.0 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 3,278.6 | 0.6505 | 2,132.6 |
| Total | 2,978.7 | |||
P_0 = 2,978.7 KRW hundred million ÷ 55,873,279 (shares) = 5,331 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.