HD Hyundai Marine Solution
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
HD Hyundai Marine Solution was established on November 28, 2016, through a contribution in kind of the after-sales business from Hyundai Heavy Industries. The company is listed on the KOSPI market and is part of the HD Hyundai group.
The company provides after-service solutions for the entire life cycle of vessels. Its business segments include AM solutions for parts and maintenance, bunkering for fuel supply, eco-friendly solutions for vessel retrofitting, and digital solutions for smart ship hardware and software.
Business overview as filed
가. 사업의 현황당사는 신조선 인도 이후 선박 생애주기 전반에 필요한 서비스를 제공하는 선박 After Service 사업을 영위하고 있습니다. 선박 생애주기 전반에 필요한 서비스를 통합적으로 제공하는 회사는 전세계적으로 당사가 유일합니다. 당사는 AM솔루션, 벙커링, 친환경솔루션, 디지털솔루션 4개 군에 관한 제품 및 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.당사와 종속기업의 주요 사업 현황은 아래와 같습니다.
나. 주요 사업의 특징
AM솔루션은 선박 및 선박에 탑재된 엔진의 유지/보수/관리 서비스, 엔진을 활용한 육상발전 기술서비스 및 HD현대 그룹 건조 선박의 유무상보증 대행 서비스입니다. 벙커링은 선박에 연료를 공급하는 서비스이며, 선주 및 선사에게 One-Stop 솔루션을 제공하는 데 기여하고 있습니다.친환경솔루션는 환경 규제에 대응하기 위한 선박의 개조 서비스를 의미합니다.디지털솔루션은 차세대 선박 운항기술 및 선박 빅데이터 기반 해양 플랫폼 서비스로, 당사는 현재 선박자동화, 전동화 및 스마트십 관련 HW 및 SW 솔루션을 제공하고 있습니다.각 제품군별 특징을 살펴보면, AM솔루션은 선박 유지/보수/수리를 위한 기술력과 부품 및 기자재 조달 안정성이 중요하고, 선주와의 글로벌 네트워크가 요구되는 등 제조업과 서비스업 요소가 융합된 특징을 지니고 있습니다. 벙커링은 해운업황과 연동되는 경향이 존재합니다. 친환경솔루션는 환경 규제에 민감하고, 턴키(Turn-key) 기반의 프로젝트 수주 산업이 주를 이루며, 맞춤형 설계 역량이 중요한 사업입니다. 디지털 제어 및 솔루션은 선박 운항 안전성과 연관되어 규제의 영향이 크고, 디지털화를 위한 HW와 SW를 통합하여 제공할 수 있는 역량이 핵심입니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
가-1. 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적·상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 "에이치디현대마린솔루션 주식회사"이며, 영문명은 "HD Hyundai Marine Solution CO.,LTD." 입니다.
다. 설립일자
당사는 2016년 11월 28일 현대중공업㈜의 조선, 엔진, 전기전자 사업부의 AS사업을 양수하는 현물출자에 의하여 설립되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 주요 사업의 내용
당사는 신조 인도 이후 선박의 생애주기 전반을 아우르는 "Total Marine Solution Provider" 입니다. 주요 사업으로는 선박부품/서비스의 공급, HD현대그룹 건조 선박의 유/무상보증 대행으로 구성되는 'AM(After Market) 솔루션', 인도 선박 출항유 공급 및 운항 연료 제공 서비스를 제공하며 고객 확보 채널로 시너지를 창출하는 '벙커링' , 강화되는 환경규제에 대응하기 위하여 선주/선사의 요구에 맞춰 Turn-key 방식으로 개조공사를 수행하는 '친환경 솔루션', 전동화를 비롯하여 스마트쉽 및 자율운항, 디지털플랫폼 등 선박의 디지털 전환과 관련되는 '디지털 솔루션' 등의 사업을 영위하고 있습니다.
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
당사는 최근 3년간 회사채 등 자금조달을 목적으로 신용평가전문기관을 통해 부여받은 신용평가 등급은 없습니다.
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.16), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 37.1% (2026-03-04). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- -0.036%[-0.480%, +0.408%]
- R squared
- 0.11
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.37[0.15, 0.59]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSPI200 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 14,305 | 17,455 | 19,827 | 21,844 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 22.02 | 13.59 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 2,015 | 2,717 | 3,501 | 3,751 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 34.87 | 28.86 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 | 3,344 |
| Net income growth% | — | 50.84 | 18.26 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 | 3,344 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating margin% | 14.08 | 15.57 | 17.66 | 17.17 |
| Net margin% | 10.56 | 13.06 | 13.60 | 15.31 |
| ROE% | 62.97 | 29.47 | 32.69 | 37.48 |
| ROA% | 23.01 | 19.78 | 21.19 | 24.03 |
| Debt ratio% | 173.63 | 48.96 | 54.27 | 55.98 |
| Current ratio% | 154.02 | 313.91 | 290.36 | 290.09 |
| Quick ratio% | 92.74 | 234.11 | 224.13 | 224.80 |
| Reserve ratio% | 1,091.79 | 3,186.28 | 3,486.07 | 3,744.86 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | 703 | 2,369 | 3,070 | — |
| FCF margin% | 4.91 | 13.57 | 15.48 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 48.21 | 108.16 | 120.24 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 0.18 | 0.55 | 0.87 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 49.5 | 53.4 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 67.4 | 65.0 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 43.6 | 47.6 | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 73.3 | 70.9 | — |
| EPSKRW | 3,778 | 5,304 | 6,013 | 7,459 |
| PERx | — | 30.43 | 32.18 | 30.10 |
| BPSKRW | — | 17,402 | 18,397 | 19,898 |
| PBRx | — | 9.27 | 10.52 | 11.28 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | 2,000 | 450 | 4,800 | — |
| Payout ratio% | 52.94 | 8.48 | 79.83 | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 19,827
- Cost of sales
- 15,278
- Gross profit
- 4,549
- Operating income
- 3,501
- SG&A expenses
- 1,047
- Non-operating income
- 47
- Profit before tax
- 3,548
- Net income
- 2,696
- Income tax expense
- 852
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6,566 | 11,522 | 12,723 | |
| 5,973 | 10,755 | 11,868 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 957 | 2,985 | 3,779 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | 0 | 1,830 | — |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 2,376 | 2,734 | 2,707 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 2,106 | 2,629 | 3,178 |
| 594 | 767 | 855 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 112 | 196 | 296 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 0 | 28 | 26 |
| 4,167 | 3,787 | 4,476 | |
| 3,878 | 3,426 | 4,087 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 1,465 | 1,838 | 2,144 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 60 | 81 | 80 |
| 289 | 361 | 389 | |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 118 | 125 | 99 |
| 2,400 | 7,735 | 8,247 | |
| 2,400 | 7,735 | 8,247 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 200 | 222 | 224 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 200 | 3,846 | 4,044 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 1,984 | 3,235 | 3,770 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 11 | 137 | 112 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | 5 | 295 | 98 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 유동확정계약자산As filed | — | — | 2 |
| 계약자산As filed | 140 | 168 | 74 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | 2 | 7 | 0 |
| 유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | 1 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 391 | 402 | 265 |
| 단기금융자산As filed | — | — | 1,863 |
| 비유동확정계약자산As filed | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 162 | 155 | 175 |
| 무형자산As filed | 41 | 45 | 51 |
| 장기금융자산As filed | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 장기매출채권및기타채권As filed | 49 | 98 | 66 |
| 비유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | 55 | 44 | 65 |
| 사용권자산As filed | 176 | 199 | 169 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 6,566 | 11,522 | — |
| 선수금As filed | 43 | 8 | 24 |
| 단기금융부채As filed | 1,280 | 0 | 0 |
| 계약부채As filed | 628 | 1,042 | 1,258 |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 325 | 346 | 543 |
| 부채와 자본총계As filed | — | — | 12,723 |
| 유동충당부채As filed | 78 | 111 | 36 |
| 비유동파생상품부채As filed | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 유동확정계약부채As filed | — | — | 1 |
| 종업원급여부채As filed | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| 매입채무및기타채무As filed | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 유동파생상품부채As filed | — | — | 2 |
| 비유동충당부채As filed | 47 | 42 | 32 |
| 비유동확정계약부채As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 비유동계약부채As filed | — | — | 246 |
Income statement
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14,305 | 17,455 | 19,827 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 11,576 | 13,833 | 15,278 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 2,729 | 3,622 | 4,549 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,047 |
| 2,015 | 2,717 | 3,501 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 407 | 675 | 687 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 406 | 392 | 606 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 11 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 44 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | 0 | -2 | -2 |
| 2,010 | 2,969 | 3,548 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 499 | 690 | 852 |
| 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 3,778 | 5,304 | 6,013 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 3,776 | 5,275 | 6,013 |
| 1,472 | 2,377 | 2,662 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -39 | 98 | -34 |
| 영업외비용As filed | 13 | 36 | — |
| 영업외수익As filed | 8 | 8 | — |
| 비지배지분As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | 1,472 | 2,377 | 2,662 |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되는 항목As filed | -15 | 126 | -25 |
| 해외환산손익As filed | -15 | 126 | — |
| 현금흐름위험회피파생상품 평가손익As filed | — | — | -0 |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | -24 | -28 | -9 |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | — | — | -25 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산평가손익As filed | 0 | 0 | — |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정요소As filed | -24 | -28 | -9 |
| 기타포괄손익공정가치측정금융자산 평가손익As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 판매비와관리비As filed | 714 | 904 | — |
Cash flow statement
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | -783 | 186 | 546 |
| 729 | 2,465 | 3,241 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 25 | 85 | 171 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 51 | 44 | 11 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 488 | 568 | 663 |
| 47 | -1,959 | -213 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 26 | 96 | 172 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | 0 | 4 | 9 |
| -439 | 1,491 | -2,233 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | 900 | 1,000 | 2,152 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | 0 | 3,668 | 0 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 636 | 957 | 2,985 |
| 957 | 2,985 | 3,779 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | -15 | 30 | -1 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 322 | 2,028 | 795 |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금 유입액As filed | — | — | 57 |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | 1,752 | 4,784 | — |
| 주식매수선택권행사As filed | 0 | 190 | 1 |
| 단기금융부채의 증가As filed | 1,752 | 926 | 55 |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금 유출액As filed | — | — | 2,289 |
| 단기금융부채의 감소As filed | 1,231 | 2,220 | 55 |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | 2,191 | 3,293 | — |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | 61 | 73 | 82 |
| 주식발행비용의 지급As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | 79 | 1 | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금 유입액As filed | — | — | 2,826 |
| 보증금의 감소As filed | 13 | 0 | 1 |
| 대여금의 감소As filed | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 단기금융자산의 감소As filed | 63 | 0 | 2,820 |
| 정부보조금의 수취As filed | 2 | 1 | — |
| 정부보조금의 수령As filed | — | — | 0 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 4 |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | 32 | 1,960 | — |
| 보증금의 증가As filed | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| 대여금의 증가As filed | 0 | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금 유출액As filed | — | — | 3,039 |
| 관계기업투자의 취득As filed | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| 단기금융자산의 증가As filed | 0 | 1,830 | 2,853 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | 1,243 | 2,993 | — |
| 자산부채의 조정As filed | -965 | -58 | 198 |
| 장기금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | 6 |
| 당기순이익에 대한 조정As filed | 697 | 772 | 850 |
| 당기순이익As filed | 1,511 | 2,279 | 2,696 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금As filed | — | — | 3,744 |
In the latest fiscal year cash generated by operations covered both investing outflows and financing outflows.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.16.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 10 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 9 | 삼일회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 8 | 삼일회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Dividend historyKRW
The dividend-per-share bars are restated onto the current share basis for splits and par-value changes. The payout ratio and the dividend yield divide figures filed for the same period and are left unadjusted.
Payout ratio and dividend yield%
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | 118,825 | -49.1% |
| Dividend discount model DDM | 132,191 | -43.4% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | No borrowing line filed | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 188,578 | -19.2% |
| Residual income model RIM | 157,688 | -32.5% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.37% + 0.35 × 5.00% = 6.12%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(32.69% × (1 − 79.83%), 0) = 6.59%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Gordon growth model
P_0 = 4,800 × (1 + 2.00%) / (6.12% − 2.00%) = 4,896 / 0.0412 = 118,825 KRW
Dividend discount model DDM
D_0 = 4,800, g_1 = 6.59%, g_T = 2.00%, r = 6.12%
| Year | Growth | Dividend KRW | Discount factor | Present value KRW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.59% | 5,117 | 0.9423 | 4,821 |
| 2 | 5.45% | 5,395 | 0.8880 | 4,791 |
| 3 | 4.30% | 5,627 | 0.8368 | 4,708 |
| 4 | 3.15% | 5,804 | 0.7885 | 4,577 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 5,920 | 0.7430 | 4,399 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 146,555 | 0.7430 | 108,895 |
| Total | 132,191 | |||
P_0 = 132,191 KRW
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 18,397 KRW, ROE = 32.69%, payout ratio = 79.83%, r = 6.12%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18,397 | 6,013 | 1,126 | 4,887 | 0.9423 | 4,605 |
| 2 | 19,610 | 6,410 | 1,200 | 5,210 | 0.8880 | 4,626 |
| 3 | 20,903 | 6,832 | 1,279 | 5,553 | 0.8368 | 4,647 |
| 4 | 22,281 | 7,283 | 1,364 | 5,919 | 0.7885 | 4,667 |
| 5 | 23,751 | 7,763 | 1,454 | 6,310 | 0.7430 | 4,688 |
| Terminal value | 156,195 | 0.7430 | 116,057 | |||
P_0 = 18,397 + 23,234 + 116,057 = 157,688 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 3,241.3 − 171.6 + 0.0 (net borrowing) = 3,069.7 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.59% | 3,272.1 | 0.9423 | 3,083.4 |
| 2 | 5.45% | 3,450.2 | 0.8880 | 3,063.7 |
| 3 | 4.30% | 3,598.5 | 0.8368 | 3,011.1 |
| 4 | 3.15% | 3,711.8 | 0.7885 | 2,926.8 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 3,786.0 | 0.7430 | 2,813.1 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 93,724.0 | 0.7430 | 69,639.8 |
| Total | 84,537.9 | |||
P_0 = 84,537.9 KRW hundred million ÷ 44,829,210 (shares) = 188,578 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.