Sungho Electronics
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
Sungho Electronics was established in 1973 as Jinyoung Electronics and changed its name in 2000. The company is listed on the KOSDAQ market and is headquartered in Seoul.
The company operates power supply and capacitor business segments. It supplies power supply units for printers, home appliances, and electric vehicles. It also produces film capacitors and deposition films for digital TVs, data centers, and energy storage systems.
Business overview as filed
당사는 파워사업과 콘덴서사업 등 크게 2개 사업부 체제로 운영되고 있습니다. (1)파워사업파워(전원공급장치) 사업은 프린터, 복합기, 보일러, 생활가전, LED 조명은 물론 태양광과 수소차·전기차, 전기오토바이 및 충전장치용으로 적용처를 넓혀 나가고 있습니다.(2)콘덴서사업콘덴서 사업은 디지털 TV, PC, 노트북, 가전제품, 게임 콘솔뿐 아니라 데이터 센터, ESS(에너지저장장치), 전기차 및 충전소 등 부가가치가 높은 시장을 잇따라 개척하며 성장동력을 확충해 나가고 있습니다. 당사가 주력하는 필름콘덴서는 절연체로 필름을 쓴 고부가가치 제품입니다. 필름콘덴서의 핵심 원료인 증착필름을 직접 생산하는 게 핵심 경쟁력 중 하나입니다. (3)시장점유율객관적인 시장 규모를 발표하는 연구기관의 자료나 통계가 없기 때문에 당사의 객관적인 시장 점유율은 산출하기 어렵습니다. (4) 조직도 성호전자 조직도.jpg 성호전자 조직도
Company overview
가. 회사의 법적, 상업적 명칭당사의 명칭은 성호전자주식회사입니다. 영문으로는 Sungho electronic Co.,Ltd.로 표기합니다.
나. 설립일자 및 존속기간
당사는 1973년 5월 15일 진영전자로 설립됐습니다. 2000년 2월 28일 성호전자주식회사로 사명을 변경했습니다. 코스닥시장에는 2001년 11월 상장했습니다.
다. 본사의 주소, 전화번호 및 홈페이지 - 주 소 : 서울시 금천구 가산디지털1로 205-15, 1301호, 1302호, 1401호 - 전 화 번 호 : 02-2104-7530 - 홈페이지주소 : www.sungho.net
라. 중소기업 해당 여부당사는 본 보고서 제출일 현재 중소기업기본법 제 2조에 의한 중소기업에 해당합니다.
마.주요사업의 내용
당사는 전원공급장치, 필름콘덴서, 증착필름 제조업을 영위하고 있습니다. 전원공급장치는 전기에너지를 안정적으로 변환해 각종 전자제품에 전원을 공급해주는 장치입니다. 필름콘덴서는 필름을 절연체로 쓴 콘덴서로, 필요한 때 전기를 방출해 전자제품의 원활한 작동을 돕는 핵심 부품입니다. 증착필름은 필름콘덴서 등의 소재입니다.
당사의 정관에 명기된 사업 목적은 다음과 같습니다.
기타 주요사업과 관련한 자세한 사항은 동 보고서의 'Ⅱ. 사업의 내용'을 참조 하시기 바랍니다.
바. 연결대상 종속회사 개황
(연결 재무제표를 작성하는 주권상장법인이 사업보고서, 분기ㆍ반기보고서를 제출하는 경우에 한함)
(1)연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
(2)연결대상회사의 변동내용
사. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
아. 신용 평가에 관한 사항 당사는 이크레더블과 한국기업데이터, 나이스평가정보로 부터 신용 평가를 받고 있습니다. 2025년 기말 현재 신용 평가 등급은 아래와 같습니다.
자. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정)여부 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.20), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 77.7% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +1.635%[+0.547%, +2.723%]
- R squared
- 0.24
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 1.17[0.63, 1.71]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 804 | 877 | 923 | 914 | 993 | 1,072 | 1,332 | 1,536 | 2,081 | 2,073 | 2,316 | 2,670 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 9.09 | 5.21 | -0.98 | 8.68 | 7.96 | 24.28 | 15.28 | 35.48 | -0.35 | 11.70 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 2 | 19 | 9 | 1 | -31 | 28 | 12 | 20 | 259 | 63 | 76 | 147 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 1,129.29 | -53.90 | -83.00 | -2,167.90 | — | -56.67 | 66.27 | 1,164.00 | -75.59 | 19.64 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | -33 | 7 | 5 | -16 | -51 | 136 | 32 | -42 | 176 | 81 | 910 | 3,614 |
| Net income growth% | — | — | -30.24 | -434.69 | — | — | -76.76 | -232.27 | — | -54.07 | 1,027.22 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -27 | -12 | -19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 910 | — |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Operating margin% | 0.19 | 2.16 | 0.95 | 0.16 | -3.10 | 2.65 | 0.92 | 1.33 | 12.43 | 3.04 | 3.26 | 5.52 |
| Net margin% | -4.11 | 0.80 | 0.53 | -1.80 | -5.10 | 12.72 | 2.38 | -2.73 | 8.45 | 3.90 | 39.31 | 135.34 |
| ROE% | -6.36 | -2.81 | -4.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36.27 | — |
| ROA% | -3.35 | 0.73 | 0.54 | -1.69 | -5.29 | 9.63 | 1.59 | -1.81 | 6.52 | 2.20 | 15.67 | 26.58 |
| Debt ratio% | 131.74 | 131.82 | 130.36 | 129.56 | 132.43 | 94.01 | 114.08 | 179.70 | 164.44 | 156.03 | 128.77 | 223.13 |
| Current ratio% | 92.58 | 92.59 | 95.76 | 97.61 | 94.63 | 120.25 | 155.47 | 155.27 | 116.76 | 113.05 | 87.23 | 110.45 |
| Quick ratio% | 53.10 | 52.57 | 55.73 | 51.83 | 62.29 | 90.17 | 63.13 | 90.77 | 86.33 | 84.86 | 68.64 | 98.02 |
| Reserve ratio% | 51.25 | 52.47 | 55.44 | 42.45 | 13.04 | 68.14 | 81.70 | 67.43 | 132.41 | 248.93 | 485.33 | 1,321.45 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | — | — | 7 | -23 | 62 | -68 | -242 | 247 | -16 | -111 | 155 | — |
| FCF margin% | — | — | 0.75 | -2.57 | 6.29 | -6.31 | -18.18 | 16.08 | -0.77 | -5.36 | 6.71 | — |
| OCF conversion% | — | 1,053.50 | 794.62 | — | — | 4.25 | -367.76 | — | 25.83 | 311.76 | 22.06 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | — | — | 3.47 | 3.68 | 3.41 | 6.85 | 9.43 | 9.58 | 2.95 | 17.50 | 1.96 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 95.1 | 97.9 | 99.5 | 86.2 | 84.8 | 86.3 | 92.3 | 93.6 | 121.5 | 131.9 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 99.4 | 95.9 | 106.2 | 82.2 | 67.4 | 144.2 | 194.8 | 120.8 | 96.7 | 91.4 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 60.5 | 64.8 | 62.2 | 49.2 | 50.6 | 48.0 | 62.4 | 63.6 | 67.6 | 69.9 | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 133.9 | 129.1 | 143.5 | 119.1 | 101.6 | 182.4 | 224.6 | 150.7 | 150.6 | 153.5 | — |
| EPSKRW | -115 | 24 | 17 | -56 | -148 | — | 60 | -85 | 364 | 147 | 1,343 | — |
| PERx | — | 50.00 | 56.24 | — | — | — | 26.58 | — | 3.84 | 7.63 | 6.88 | — |
| BPSKRW | — | 1,404 | 1,339 | 1,367 | 1,156 | 1,385 | 1,739 | 1,554 | 1,894 | 2,334 | 3,536 | 5,828 |
| PBRx | — | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 1.10 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.48 | 2.61 | 5.09 |
| Dividend per share | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 2,316
- Cost of sales
- 1,873
- Gross profit
- 443
- Non-operating income
- 1,098
- SG&A expenses
- 367
- Operating income
- 76
- Profit before tax
- 1,173
- Net income
- 910
- Income tax expense
- 263
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 985 | 960 | 910 | 970 | 957 | 1,416 | 1,989 | 2,321 | 2,699 | 3,673 | 5,811 | |
| 462 | 470 | 466 | 491 | 491 | 685 | 1,248 | 1,533 | 1,668 | 1,898 | 2,183 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 29 | 19 | 52 | 368 | 476 | 369 | 296 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 197 | 203 | 195 | 230 | 168 | 171 | 741 | 637 | 435 | 473 | 465 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 215 | 242 | 253 | 245 | 224 | 275 | 355 | 421 | 645 | 735 | 939 |
| 523 | 490 | 444 | 479 | 466 | 731 | 741 | 789 | 1,031 | 1,776 | 3,628 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 462 | 435 | 402 | 438 | 427 | 557 | 345 | 387 | 612* | 1,044 | 1,078 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 48 | 45 | 37 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 72 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 | 21 | 73 | 150 |
| 560 | 546 | 515 | 548 | 545 | 686 | 1,060 | 1,491 | 1,678 | 2,239 | 3,271 | |
| 499 | 507 | 487 | 503 | 519 | 570 | 803 | 987 | 1,429 | 1,678 | 2,503 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 105 | 139 | 130 | 119 | 120 | 135 | 169 | 273 | 292 | 343 | 374 |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 367 | 344 | 347 | 366 | 293 | 421 | 567 | 527 | 915 | 1,099 | — |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 26 | 23 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 20 | 12 | 9 | 34 | — |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 |
| 61 | 39 | 28 | 44 | 26 | 116 | 257 | 504 | 250 | 560 | 768 | |
| Bonds issuedKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36 |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 39 | 16 | 13 | 20 | 3 | 58 | 161 | 425 | 155 | 322 | — |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16 |
| 425 | 414 | 395 | 423 | 412 | 730 | 929 | 830 | 1,021 | 1,435 | 2,540 | |
| 425 | 414 | 395 | 423 | 412 | 730 | 929 | 830 | 1,012 | 1,424 | 2,508 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 148 | 148 | 148 | 155 | 178 | 263 | 267 | 267 | 267 | 305 | 355 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 106 | 106 | 106 | 109 | 121 | 143 | 149 | 149 | 149 | 260 | 310 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | -30 | -29 | -24 | -43 | -98 | 37 | 69 | 31 | 204 | 499 | 1,411 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | 202 | 189 | 166 | 202 | 210 | 287 | 444 | 383 | 391 | 360 | 432 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 32 |
| 유동 파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 354 |
| 유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 9 | — |
| 상각후원가로 측정하는 유동 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80 | 80 |
| 최초인식시점 또는 그 이후에 지정된 유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 73 | 16 | — |
| 유동 당기손익-공정가치 측정 지정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 56 | 187 | 27 | 62 | — | — | — |
| 유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 10 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 31 | 72 | 44 | 27 | 207 | 26 |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동매도가능금융자산As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산As filed | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 3 |
| 매각예정유동자산As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산As filed | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | 5 | 6 | — | 11 | — | — | 374 |
| 매도가능금융자산(장기)As filed | 5 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 만기보유금융자산(장기)As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기기타채권As filed | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품As filed | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | 3 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 2 |
| 장기매출채권 및 기타비유동채권As filed | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | — | — |
| 비유동매도가능금융자산As filed | — | — | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 95 | 131 | 131 | 132 | 234 | 281 |
| 기타무형자산As filed | — | — | — | 33 | 29 | 43 | — | 59 | — | — | — |
| 비유동 당기손익-공정가치 측정 지정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 22 | 151 | 163 | — | — | — |
| 조인트벤처에 대한 투자자산As filed | — | — | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 34 | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 21 |
| 기타무형자산, 총액As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 95 | — |
| 영업권As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산 및 영업권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 307 |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 81 | 10 | 18 |
| 장기대여금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | — |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 36 | 168 | — | — | — |
| 장기매출채권 및 기타비유동채권, 총액As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 52 | 1 | 17 |
| 사채As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 49 | — |
| 퇴직급여운용자산/퇴직연금운용자산As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 최초인식시점 또는 그 이후에 지정된 비유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 160 | 172 | — |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | 0 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융부채As filed | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | 16 | 19 | 3 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 비유동금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 비유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 868 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 21 | 16 | 9 | 17 | 13 | 49 | 82 | 68 | 40 | 59 | 332 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 985 | 960 | 910 | 970 | 957 | 1,416 | 1,989 | 2,321 | 2,699 | 3,673 | 5,811 |
| 상각후원가로 측정하는 비유동 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 0 |
| 비유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 434 |
| 유동판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| 기타유동금융부채As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| 매출채권 및 기타비유동채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 확정급여채무의현재가치As filed | — | — | 3 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 2 | — |
| 유동파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 36 | — | 0 | — | 58 | 58 | — |
| 비유동 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16 |
| 유동성전환사채As filed | — | — | — | — | 56 | — | 0 | — | 63 | 4 | 40 |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80 | 78 |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 19 | 80 |
| 유동성신주인수권부사채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 91 | 0 |
| 전환상환우선주부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | — | — |
| 유동성전환상환우선주부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95 |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| 유동성사채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 13 |
| 유동성장기차입금(사채 제외)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67 |
| 단기차입금(사채 제외)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,686 |
| 유동 파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 121 |
| 전환상환우선주부채, 총액As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 107 | — |
| 비유동 전환사채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 98 |
| 비유동 전환상환우선주부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 96 |
| 비유동 파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 |
| 장기차입금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 128 |
| 비유동 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 804 | 877 | 923 | 914 | 993 | 1,072 | 1,332 | 1,536 | 2,081 | 2,073 | 2,316 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 685 | 734 | 757 | 731 | 885 | 919 | 1,155 | 1,291 | 1,619 | 1,714 | 1,873 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 119 | 142 | 165 | 183 | 108 | 153 | 177 | 245 | 462 | 360 | 443 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 117 | 124 | 157 | 181 | 139 | 124 | 165 | 224 | 203 | 297 | 367 |
| 2 | 19 | 9 | 1 | -31 | 28 | 12 | 20 | 259 | 63 | 76 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 157* | 48 | 74 | 92 | 137 | 1,381 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 27 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 48 | 57* | 115 | 132 | 211 | 247 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 27 | 38 | 44 | 29 | 29 | 14* | 52 | 17 | 29 | 134 | 19 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 37 | 38 | Not applicable | 30 | 36 | 0 | 20* | 37 | 18 | 34 | 56 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | -0 | -0 | 2 | — | -15 | -0 | 41 | — |
| -35 | 3 | 0 | -17 | -53 | 153 | 34 | -56 | 229 | 131 | 1,173 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 2 | -4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | -16 | 2 | -14 | 54 | -50 | 263 |
| -33 | 7 | 5 | -16 | -51 | 136 | 32 | -42 | 176 | 81 | 910 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -27 | -12 | -19 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 910 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 5 | 4* | 1 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | -115 | 24 | 17 | -56 | -148 | Not applicable | 60 | -85 | 364 | 147 | 1,343 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | -115 | 24 | 16 | -56 | -148 | Not applicable | 60 | -85 | 328 | 145* | -16 |
| -27 | -12 | Not applicable | 18 | -47 | 212 | 189 | -47 | 196 | 161 | 948 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 6 | -19 | -24 | 34 | 3 | 75 | 157 | -5 | 20 | 80 | 38 |
| 상품매출액As filed | 19 | 6 | 22 | 17 | 11 | 16 | 12 | 98 | 119 | 193 | — |
| 제품매출액As filed | 784 | 869 | 898 | 896 | 981 | 1,054 | 1,319 | 1,194 | 1,299 | 1,597 | — |
| 기타매출액As filed | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타수익(매출액)As filed | — | — | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 7 | — |
| 제품매출원가As filed | 665 | 729 | 740 | 717 | 877 | 905 | 1,142 | 1,056 | 1,146 | 1,382 | — |
| 상품매출원가As filed | 20 | 5 | 17 | 14 | 8 | 15 | 14 | 99 | 110 | 161 | — |
| 분양매출(수익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 238 | 629 | 249 | — |
| 비지배지분에 귀속되는 총포괄손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | -27 | -12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 191 | 157 | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 총포괄손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 947 |
| 공사매출원가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 21 | — |
| 분양매출원가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 136 | 359 | 150 | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 1 | -5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 보험수리적손익의 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 1 | -5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 5 | -13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능증권평가손익As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재평가차익As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비용As filed | — | — | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | 5 | -14 | — | — | — | — | 45 | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법손실As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -9 | -1 | 63 | 5 |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | -1 | -3 | -4 | -1 | 1 | 4 | -3 | -2 | 2 |
| 외화환산외환차이의 세후재분류조정As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | -56 | 5 |
| 자산재평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | 39 | 0 | 75 | 111 | 0 | 25 | 19 | 31 |
| 관계기업 및 공동기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분 변동(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산 평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산 평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 157 | 4 | 21 | 17 | 33 |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이 세후재분류조정As filed | — | — | — | — | -7 | -1 | — | 9 | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | -24 | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 세후기타포괄손익, 기타포괄손익-공정가치로 측정되는 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 공동기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분 변동(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | 7 | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산 평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 지분법 적용대상 관계기업과 공동기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 공동기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분변동동As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 총 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | — | — | — | 18 | -47 | 212 | 189 | -47 | — | — | — |
| 종속기업, 공동지배기업과 관계기업으로부터의 기타이익(비용)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 총 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 공사수익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 28 | — |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | -33 | 7 | 5 | -16 | -51 | 136 | 32 | -42 | 176 | 81 | 910 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 8 | 67 | 34 | 27 | 147 | -131 | -148 | 436 | -130 | 171 | -710 |
| -25 | 74 | 39 | 10 | 96* | 6 | -117 | 394 | 45 | 252 | 201 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 16 | 20 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 12 | 14 | 20 | -64 | 54 | 70 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 4 | -2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 133 | -0 |
| 29 | -36 | -20 | -34 | -94 | -232 | -123 | -247 | -35 | -968 | -894 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 32 | 34 | 34 | 73 | 126 | 147 | 61 | 363 | 45 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 13 | 23 | 8 | 9 | 27 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| -23 | -57 | -25 | 24 | 17* | 217 | 272 | 169 | 95 | 607 | 617 | |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 52 | 10 | -78* | 0 |
| Disposal of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 10 | 36 | 30 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 100 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 53 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 29 | 19 | 52 | 368 | 476 | 369 |
| 35 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 29 | 19 | 52 | 368 | 376* | 369 | 296 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | 0 | -0 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | -18 | -19 | -5 | 0 | 19 | -10 | 32 | 316 | 108 | -107 | -73 |
| 영업활동에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | 41 | 12 | 97 | 16 | -97 | 413 | -23 | 423 | — |
| 임대보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 금융리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 1 | — |
| 임대보증금의 증가As filed | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | 2 |
| 배당금수취(영업)As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 신주인수권부사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 110 | 169 |
| 전환사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 94 | — | 0 | — | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| 단기금융상품의 처분As filed | — | — | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 33 |
| 사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 61 | 0 |
| 전환권/신주인수권 행사로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| 단기대여금및수취채권의 처분As filed | — | — | 12 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 21 | 1 | 15 | 130 | 184 |
| 금융리스부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 기타금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 227 | 247 | 82 | 1,231 | — | — |
| 유동매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 처분As filed | — | — | 5 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 41 |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | — | — | 13 | 24 | 30 | 58 | 133 | 340 | 59 | 233 | 112 |
| 만기보유금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 배당금수취As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | — | — | 456 | 287 | 659 | 615 | 859 | 426 | 359 | 465 | 868 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 비유동당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 22 | 16 | 41 | 13 |
| 신주인수권부사채의 감소As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 111 |
| 사채의 상환As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 |
| 보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | — |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | 6 | 0 | 33 | — | 11 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 151 |
| 전환사채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 6 | 6 |
| 단기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 1 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | 446 | 273 | 732 | 481 | 715 | 516 | 372 | 437 | 440 |
| 영업에사용된현금흐름As filed | -21 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금및수취채권의 취득As filed | — | — | 13 | 0 | 5 | 21 | 21 | 63 | 25 | 190 | 475 |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 11 | 14 | 59 |
| 매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1,215 | — | — |
| 전환상환우선주부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 150 |
| 유동당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 64 | 286 | 72 | 132 | 20 | 33 | 218 |
| 임차보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 장기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 조인트벤처에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 15 | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 147 | 31 | 0 | 54 | 24 |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 30 | 0 |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 8 | 55 | 72 |
| 보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 3 |
| 재무활동으로 분류된 리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 77 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의감소As filed | 55 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 95 | 215 |
| 단기대여금의감소As filed | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| 매도가능증권의처분As filed | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기매매증권의 처분As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 만기보유금융자산의처분As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 자기주식의 처분 및 발행 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 장기금융상품의감소As filed | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유형자산의처분As filed | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의처분As filed | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 65 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 |
| 보증금의감소As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동자산의감소As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 임차보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | -48 | -44 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의증가As filed | -1 | -3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | 27 | 9 | 24 | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의증가As filed | -3 | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의취득As filed | -1 | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 만기보유금융자산의취득As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기매매증권의 취득As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의증가As filed | -1 | -2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유형자산의취득As filed | -35 | -35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의취득As filed | -6 | -3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상각후원가측정금융자산의처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 150 |
| 이자지급As filed | — | — | 14 | 17 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 보증금의증가As filed | -1 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 397 | 252 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의차입As filed | 390 | 250 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기대여금및수취채권의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 |
| 장기차입금의차입As filed | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사채의발행As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 연결범위의변동으로인한순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 274 | — |
| 장기대여금및수취채권의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 170 |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | -420 | -309 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의상환As filed | -282 | -280 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상각후원가측정금융자산의취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100 |
| 유동성장기차입금의상환As filed | -30 | -22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사채의상환As filed | -30 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의상환As filed | -70 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 이자의지급As filed | -7 | -7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 자기주식처분As filed | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동상각후원가금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30 | — |
| 유동상각후원가금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 110 | — |
| 선수금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 |
| 리스부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동상각후원가금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | — |
| 선급금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 235 |
| 제3자에 대한 선급금 및 대여금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 186 | — |
| 종속기업과 기타 사업의 지배력 획득에 따른 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 273 |
| 공동기업에 대한 투자자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 251 |
In the latest fiscal year operating and financing activities brought cash in while investing activities spent it.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.20.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 53 | 이촌회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 52 | 이촌회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 51 | 정동회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 49 | 정동회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 48 | 이촌회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 47 | 이촌회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정 | 이촌회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 45 | 이촌회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2016 | 적정Term 44 | 이촌회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2015 | 적정Term 43 | 이촌회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2014 | 적정Term 42 | 이촌회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | 9,201 | -71.8% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Residual income model RIM | 42,798 | +31.1% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.91 × 5.00% = 8.93%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(36.27% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 36.27%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 3,536 KRW, ROE = 36.27%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 8.93%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3,536 | 1,283 | 316 | 967 | 0.9180 | 887 |
| 2 | 4,818 | 1,748 | 430 | 1,317 | 0.8427 | 1,110 |
| 3 | 6,566 | 2,382 | 587 | 1,795 | 0.7736 | 1,389 |
| 4 | 8,948 | 3,246 | 799 | 2,446 | 0.7101 | 1,737 |
| 5 | 12,193 | 4,423 | 1,089 | 3,333 | 0.6519 | 2,173 |
| Terminal value | 49,035 | 0.6519 | 31,966 | |||
P_0 = 3,536 + 7,296 + 31,966 = 42,798 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 200.9 − 45.4 + 69.6 × (1 − 22.41%) = 209.5 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 23,156.3, D = 36.4 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 99.84%, debt weight = 0.16%; cost of debt k_d = 8.93%
WACC = 99.84% × 8.93% + 0.16% × 8.93% × (1 − 22.41%) = 8.93%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36.27% | 285.5 | 0.9180 | 262.1 |
| 2 | 27.70% | 364.6 | 0.8427 | 307.3 |
| 3 | 19.14% | 434.4 | 0.7737 | 336.1 |
| 4 | 10.57% | 480.3 | 0.7102 | 341.1 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 489.9 | 0.6520 | 319.4 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 7,209.7 | 0.6520 | 4,700.7 |
| Total | 6,266.6 | |||
Firm value = 6,266.6; less borrowings 36.4; plus cash 295.7 → 6,525.9 KRW hundred million
P_0 = 6,525.9 KRW hundred million ÷ 70,922,823 (shares) = 9,201 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.