Amorepacific
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
Amorepacific was established on June 1, 2006, through a corporate split from AMOREPACIFIC Group. The company is headquartered in Seoul and is listed on the KOSPI market.
The company manufactures and distributes cosmetics, household goods, and health functional foods. Its business consists of cosmetics and hair and beauty segments featuring brands such as Sulwhasoo and Mise en Scene. Distribution channels include domestic markets, duty free shops, and overseas subsidiaries.
Business overview as filed
당사는 화장품의 제조 및 판매, 생활용품의 제조 및 판매, 건강기능식품의 제조 및 판매를 하고 있습니다. 설화수, 헤라, 에스트라, 아이오페, 라네즈, 코스알엑스, 일리윤 등 다양한 브랜드 포트폴리오를 보유하고 있으며, 국내외에서 견고한 시장 지위를 유지하고 있습니다. 려, 미쟝센, 라보에이치 등 헤어케어 관련 브랜드 또한 핵심 제품을 중심으로 견고한 매출 성장세를 지속하고 있습니다.
판매 경로는 크게 순수 국내, 면세와 해외법인 및 수출로 구분되어 있습니다. 순수 국내는 온라인, 백화점, 방문판매, 전문점, 할인점, 대리점 등의 매출을 포함합니다. 2025년 경로별 매출 비중은 순수 국내 44%, 면세 9%, 해외법인 및 수출은 47%입니다.
당사는 더 나은 사회와 환경을 위해 지속가능경영을 실천하고자 힘쓰고 있습니다. 제품에 환경 또는 사회 친화적 속성을 구현하고, 고객의 지속가능한 라이프스타일 영위에 기여하는 브랜드 활동을 전개하고 있습니다. 더불어 기후 위기를 해결하고 대자연과 공존하기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있습니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 현황가-1. 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
가-1. 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭 당사의 명칭은 '주식회사 아모레퍼시픽'이라고 표기합니다. 또한 영문으로는 'AMOREPACIFIC CORPORATION'라 표기합니다. 단, 약식으로 표기할 경우에는 '(주) 아모레퍼시픽' 또는 'AMOREPACIFIC CORP.'라고 표기합니다.
다. 설립일자 당사는 화장품법 등에 근거하여 화장품의 제조 및 판매 사업 등을 영위할 목적으로 2006년 6월 1일에 (주)아모레퍼시픽그룹(舊 (주)태평양)을 인적분할하여 설립 (설립등기일 : 2006. 6. 7.)되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소(1) 주소 : 서울특별시 용산구 한강대로 100 (한강로2가)(2) 전화번호 : 02-6040-5114(3) 홈페이지 : http://www.apgroup.com
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 주요 사업의 내용
당사는 화장품의 제조 및 판매, 생활용품의 제조 및 판매, 건강기능식품의 제조 및 판매를 하고 있습니다.
사업부문은 크게 화장품 사업부문과 헤어 앤 뷰티(Hair & Beauty) 사업부문으로 구분되어 있습니다. 화장품 사업부문은 설화수, 헤라, 라네즈, 아이오페, 에스트라, 코스알엑스 등 다양한 럭셔리 및 프리미엄 브랜드 포트폴리오를 갖고 있습니다. 헤어 앤 뷰티(Hair & Beauty) 사업부문 또한 려, 미쟝센, 해피바스 등 다양한 생활용품 브랜드로 사업을 전개하고 있습니다.
판매 경로는 크게 순수 국내, 면세와 해외법인 및 수출로 구분되어 있으며, 2025년 누적 기준 경로별 매출 비중은 순수 국내 44%, 면세 9%, 해외법인 및 수출은 47%입니다.
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항 공시대상기간 동안 당사는 기업어음을 발행한 사실이 없으나, 발행을 가정하고 다음과 같은 신용평가를 받았습니다.
NICE신용평가주식회사 평가등급의 정의
한국신용평가주식회사 평가등급의 정의
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정)여부 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.18), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 41.7% (2026-06-23). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.016%[-0.376%, +0.408%]
- R squared
- 0.03
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- -0.04[-0.33, 0.25]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSPI200 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 47,666 | 56,454 | 51,238 | 52,778 | 55,801 | 44,322 | 48,631 | 41,349 | 36,740 | 38,851 | 42,528 | 44,919 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 18.44 | -9.24 | 3.01 | 5.73 | -20.57 | 9.72 | -14.97 | -11.15 | 5.75 | 9.46 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 7,729 | 8,481 | 5,964 | 4,820 | 4,278 | 1,430 | 3,434 | 2,142 | 1,082 | 2,205 | 3,358 | 3,885 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 9.73 | -29.68 | -19.18 | -11.23 | -66.57 | 140.10 | -37.61 | -49.51 | 103.83 | 52.32 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 5,848 | 6,457 | 3,980 | 3,348 | 2,238 | 219 | 1,809 | 1,293 | 1,739 | 6,016 | 2,473 | 2,971 |
| Net income growth% | — | 10.42 | -38.36 | -15.87 | -33.17 | -90.23 | 727.00 | -28.53 | 34.51 | 246.01 | -58.89 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 5,775 | 6,393 | 3,940 | 3,322 | 2,388 | 351 | 1,937 | 1,345 | 1,801 | 5,932 | 2,357 | 2,860 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 73 | 65 | 40 | 26 | -150 | -133 | -128 | -52 | -62 | 85 | 116 | 111 |
| Operating margin% | 16.22 | 15.02 | 11.64 | 9.13 | 7.67 | 3.23 | 7.06 | 5.18 | 2.94 | 5.68 | 7.90 | 8.65 |
| Net margin% | 12.27 | 11.44 | 7.77 | 6.34 | 4.01 | 0.49 | 3.72 | 3.13 | 4.73 | 15.49 | 5.82 | 6.61 |
| ROE% | — | — | 9.49 | 7.51 | 5.32 | 0.79 | 4.07 | 2.80 | 3.68 | 11.29 | 4.33 | 5.13 |
| ROA% | 13.16 | 12.46 | 7.40 | 6.23 | 3.74 | 0.38 | 2.96 | 2.23 | 2.95 | 8.87 | 3.55 | 4.19 |
| Debt ratio% | 31.75 | 32.98 | 28.75 | 20.80 | 33.12 | 27.72 | 28.93 | 21.39 | 20.81 | 27.37 | 26.49 | 25.85 |
| Current ratio% | 210.25 | 180.70 | 160.30 | 205.35 | 169.05 | 189.01 | 174.39 | 208.76 | 240.05 | 158.33 | 178.77 | 191.00 |
| Quick ratio% | 173.10 | 145.70 | 124.49 | 152.50 | 126.62 | 146.10 | 131.78 | 159.55 | 191.56 | 112.90 | 135.93 | 145.16 |
| Reserve ratio% | — | — | 10,039.00 | 10,819.97 | 11,257.04 | 11,181.57 | 11,623.73 | 11,820.91 | 12,092.00 | 13,044.66 | 13,576.94 | 13,881.46 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | — | — | -2,560 | 2,412 | 4,718 | 3,713 | 6,003 | 517 | 2,137 | 2,535 | 5,193 | — |
| FCF margin% | — | — | -5.00 | 4.57 | 8.45 | 8.38 | 12.34 | 1.25 | 5.82 | 6.53 | 12.21 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 107.30 | 104.84 | 128.78 | 193.13 | 321.01 | 2,534.91 | 382.31 | 116.83 | 200.27 | 55.60 | 236.07 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | — | — | 15.00 | 7.68 | 4.42 | 4.13 | 1.87 | 2.40 | 3.66 | 2.08 | 1.52 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 18.6 | 12.5 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 4.6 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 94.0 | 103.8 | 99.0 | 104.1 | 125.1 | 121.6 | 123.1 | 126.9 | 143.0 | 151.7 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 41.5 | — | — | 62.6 | 78.0 | 80.5 | 65.5 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 71.0 | — | — | 43.6 | 49.4 | 43.6 | 62.2 | — | — | — | — |
| EPSKRW | 8,372 | 9,267 | 5,711 | 4,815 | 3,477 | 512 | 2,820 | 1,949 | 2,609 | 8,601 | 3,416 | 4,889 |
| PERx | — | 34.69 | 53.32 | 43.51 | 57.52 | 402.34 | 59.22 | 70.55 | 55.58 | 12.18 | 34.98 | 21.62 |
| BPSKRW | — | — | 71,055 | 75,644 | 76,798 | 76,428 | 81,395 | 82,038 | 83,737 | 89,795 | 93,161 | 95,278 |
| PBRx | — | — | 4.29 | 2.77 | 2.60 | 2.70 | 2.05 | 1.68 | 1.73 | 1.17 | 1.28 | 1.11 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | 1,350 | 1,580 | 1,280 | 1,180 | 1,000 | 800 | 980 | 680 | 910 | — | 1,125 | — |
| Payout ratio% | 16.13 | 17.05 | 22.41 | 24.51 | 28.76 | 156.25 | 34.75 | 34.89 | 34.88 | — | 32.93 | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 42,528
- Gross profit
- 30,761
- Cost of sales
- 11,767
- Other
- 27,402
- Operating income
- 3,358
- Non-operating income
- 80
- Profit before tax
- 3,438
- Net income
- 2,473
- Income tax expense
- 965
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44,431 | 51,816 | 53,757 | 53,711 | 59,890 | 57,019 | 61,167 | 58,018 | 58,865 | 67,835 | 69,612 | |
| 18,332 | 21,163 | 16,775 | 15,672 | 18,031 | 18,257 | 20,185 | 17,350 | 19,522 | 17,348 | 20,037 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 6,872 | 6,237 | 6,042 | 7,355 | 6,736 | 7,937 | 5,377 | 4,496 | 5,064 | 4,515 | 5,246 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | — | — | 320 | 151 | 706 | 579 | 1,018 | 747 | 618 | 467 | 741 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 3,239 | 4,099 | 3,748 | 4,033 | 4,526 | 4,145 | 4,932 | 4,089 | 3,943 | 4,978 | 4,801 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 2,799 | 2,945* | 553 | 313 | 325 | 247 | 416 | 626 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 26,099 | 30,652 | 36,982 | 38,039 | 41,859 | 38,762 | 40,982 | 40,668 | 39,343 | 50,487 | 49,575 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 18,706 | 23,586 | 26,132 | 27,131 | 26,618 | 25,663 | 25,414 | 24,753 | 24,416 | 22,964 | 22,248 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 2,116 | 2,281 | 2,397 | 2,541 | 2,265 | 2,088 | 2,017 | 3,578 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 24 | 27 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 525 | 2,384 | 2,473 | 2,871 | 58 | 56 |
| 10,708 | 12,849 | 12,003 | 9,247 | 14,902 | 12,375 | 13,724 | 10,225 | 10,138 | 14,575 | 14,578 | |
| 8,719 | 11,712 | 10,464 | 7,632 | 10,666 | 9,659 | 11,575 | 8,311 | 8,133 | 10,957 | 11,209 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 1,584 | 1,659 | Not applicable | 2,496 | 2,648 | 2,758 | 3,250 | 1,549 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 1,002 | 1,447 | 851 | 715 | 993 | 1,542 | 1,991 | 2,234 | 2,441 | 3,062 | 2,563 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 1,976 | 1,329 | 948 | 690 | 553 | 613 | 484 |
| 1,989 | 1,137 | 1,539 | 1,615 | 4,236 | 2,716 | 2,149 | 1,914 | 2,005 | 3,618 | 3,369 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 469 | — | 429 | 447 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 2,679 | 1,337 | 962 | 648 | 509 | 728 | 454 |
| 33,723 | 38,966 | 41,754 | 44,464 | 44,988 | 44,644 | 47,443 | 47,793 | 48,727 | 53,260 | 55,035 | |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | 41,538 | 44,220 | 44,895 | 44,679 | 47,610 | 47,986 | 48,980 | 52,524 | 54,493 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 | 345 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 108 | 108 | 754 | 711 | 734 | -973 | -875 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 26,231 | 31,587 | 34,565 | 37,260 | 38,738 | 38,477 | 39,378 | 40,101 | 41,014 | 46,010 | 47,750 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -141 | -172 | -401 | -413 | -247 | -203 | 119 | -195 | -185 | 119 | 174 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | -184 | -176 | -176 | -176 | -1,176 | -1,176 | -190 | -181 | -133 | -183 | -106 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 267 | 178 | 216 | 244 | 93 | -35 | -167 | -193 | -253 | 736 | 542 |
| 금융기관예치금As filed | 1,831 | 3,003 | 139 | 148 | 164 | 176 | 195 | 220 | 240 | 265 | 277 |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 40 | 1,375 | 1,665 | 4,908 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,629 | 5,496 | 2,265 | 4,461 |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | 622 | 1,647 | 300 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상각후원가측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 300 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 300 | 586 | 300 | 370 |
| 매출채권As filed | — | — | 3,247 | 2,867 | 3,659 | 2,838 | 2,958 | 2,851 | 2,929 | 3,863 | 3,580 |
| 기타수취채권As filed | 375 | 454 | 1,704 | 1,684 | 1,452 | 1,005 | 1,152 | 667 | 464 | 515 | 435 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | 16 | 13 | 31 | 43 | 40 | 192 | 33 | 16 | 14 | 9 | 4 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 567 | 755 | 523 | 611 | 664 | 654 | 501 | 396 | 408 | 436 | 400 |
| 매각예정자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41 | — | — | — | — |
| 매각예정비유동자산As filed | 2,012 | 2,012 | 2,012 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 199 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 27 | 11 | 7 | 47 | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,407 | 17,739 | 17,226 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 262 | 439 | 427 | 575 | 727 | 829 | 846 | 579 | 138 | 509 | 545 |
| 투자부동산As filed | 3,162 | 2,346 | 5,600 | 5,014 | 4,930 | 4,888 | 5,342 | 5,033 | 4,962 | 5,947 | 6,064 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 62 | 62 | 51 | 7 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | 9 | 2 | 173 | 239 | 223 | 167 | 123 | 120 | 96 | 83 | 84 |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 4,324 | 2,275 | 1,465 | 1,285 | 1,011 | 1,374 | 982 |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | 254 | 585 | 1,061 | 1,106 | 947 | 1,814 | 1,126 | 754 | 1,426 |
| 매입채무As filed | — | — | 1,321 | 1,118 | 1,725 | 1,176 | 1,234 | 807 | 864 | 960 | 1,094 |
| 기타지급채무As filed | 2,243 | 3,153 | 2,121 | — | — | — | — | — | 1,255 | 2,877 | 3,626 |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 1,299 | 1,405 | 712 | 630 | 674 | 61 | 900 | 411 | 227 | 550 | 430 |
| 이연수익As filed | 538 | 567 | 528 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타충당부채As filed | 75 | 197 | 153 | 111 | 129 | 87 | 89 | 306 | 475 | 763 | 921 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 1,978 | 3,285 | 4,779 | 2,001 | 2,020 | 2,285 | 2,789 | 1,948 | 1,983 | 1,773 | 1,684 |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | 299 | 33 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 38 | 41 | 44 | 45 | 63 | 63 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 1,049 | 934 | 837 | 788 | 1,017 | 901 | 795 | 913 | 1,064 | 2,358 | 2,457 |
| 계약부채As filed | — | — | — | 562 | 501 | 423 | 375 | 366 | 334 | 360 | 408 |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | 147 | 127 | 191 | 211 | 314 | 253 | 236 | 215 | 284 | 334 | 233 |
| 자본금As filed | 345 | 345 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주식발행초과금As filed | 7,127 | 7,127 | 7,127 | 7,127 | 7,127 | 7,127 | 7,205 | 7,205 | 7,205 | 7,205 | 7,205 |
| 부채와자본총계As filed | 44,431 | 51,816 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 58,865 | 67,835 | 69,612 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | — | — | 53,757 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 부채와 자본총계As filed | — | — | — | 53,711 | 59,890 | 57,019 | 61,167 | 58,018 | — | — | — |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47,666 | 56,454 | 51,238 | 52,778 | 55,801 | 44,322 | 48,631 | 41,349 | 36,740 | 38,851 | 42,528 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 11,694 | 14,248 | 13,797 | 14,349 | 15,005 | 12,654 | 13,626 | 13,375 | 11,551 | 11,384 | 11,767 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 35,972 | 42,207 | 37,441 | 38,430 | 40,796 | 31,668 | 35,005 | 27,974 | 25,189 | 27,467 | 30,761 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 28,243 | 33,726 | 31,477 | 33,610 | 36,518 | 30,238 | 31,571 | 25,832 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 7,729 | 8,481 | 5,964 | 4,820 | 4,278 | 1,430 | 3,434 | 2,142 | 1,082 | 2,205 | 3,358 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 255 | 176 | 138 | 127 | 147 | 119 | 105 | 228 | 1,616 | 1,243 | 278 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 31 | 59 | 31 | 27 | 200 | 170 | 114 | 344 | 192 | 429 | 257 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | -399 | -390 | -517 | -1,132 | -455 | 130 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 417 | 165 | -8 |
| 7,783 | 8,566 | 5,673 | 4,530 | 3,706 | 253 | 2,979 | 2,245 | 2,806 | 6,208 | 3,438 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 1,935 | 2,108 | 1,693 | 1,181 | 1,468 | 34 | 1,170 | 952 | 1,068 | 192 | 965 |
| 5,848 | 6,457 | 3,980 | 3,348 | 2,238 | 219 | 1,809 | 1,293 | 1,739 | 6,016 | 2,473 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 5,775 | 6,393 | 3,940 | 3,322 | 2,388 | 351 | 1,937 | 1,345 | 1,801 | 5,932 | 2,357 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 73 | 65 | 40 | 26 | -150 | -133 | -128 | -52 | -62 | 85 | 116 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 8,372 | 9,267 | 5,711 | 4,815 | 3,477 | 512 | 2,820 | 1,949 | 2,609 | 8,601 | 3,416 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 8,377 | 9,272 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 2,609 | 8,600 | 3,416 |
| 5,557 | 6,324 | 3,865 | 3,584 | 2,310 | 341 | 1,652 | 1,022 | 1,334 | 6,004 | 2,691 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | -115 | 236 | 73 | 122 | -156 | Not applicable | -405 | -13 | 218 |
| 기타영업외손익As filed | -171 | -33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | -116 | 3,024 | 66 |
| 비지배주주지분As filed | 78 | 68 | 25 | 28 | -153 | -128 | -133 | -64 | -59 | 75 | 119 |
| 지배기업소유주지분As filed | 5,479 | 6,257 | 3,840 | 3,556 | 2,463 | 469 | 1,785 | — | — | 5,928 | 2,572 |
| 관계기업손익As filed | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -3 | 7 | 9 | 89 | — | — | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,086 | 1,393 | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채재측정요소As filed | -287 | -105 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익As filed | -3 | 24 | -2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 우선주기본주당이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 관계기업기타포괄손익지분As filed | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | -6 | 9 | — | — |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | -1 | -54 | -243 | 5 | 166 | 50 | 314 | -319 | 4 | 281 | 47 |
| 우선주희석주당이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 당기 법인세차감후 기타포괄손익As filed | -291 | -133 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채 재측정요소As filed | — | — | 129 | 215 | -89 | 74 | -474 | 55 | -418 | -308 | 133 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치금융자산 평가손익As filed | — | — | — | 16 | -4 | -3 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산 평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | — | — | — |
| 당기법인세비용차감후기타포괄손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -270 | — | — | — |
| 관계기업 기타포괄손익지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | 1 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | — | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정자산평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -9 | 36 |
| 보통주희석주당순이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 우선주기본주당순이익As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 보통주희석주당이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 우선주희석주당순이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 판매비와 관리비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24,107 | — | — |
| 판매비와관리비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25,263 | 27,402 |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 5,848 | 6,457 | 3,980 | 3,348 | 2,238 | 219 | 1,809 | 1,293 | 1,739 | 6,016 | 2,473 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 427 | 312 | 1,146 | 3,118 | 4,945 | 5,325 | 5,106 | 218 | 1,743 | -2,671 | 3,365 |
| 6,275 | 6,770 | 5,126 | 6,467 | 7,183 | 5,544 | 6,914 | 1,510 | 3,482 | 3,345 | 5,838 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 137 | 164 | 139 | 118 | 101 | 40 | 40 | 63 | 110 | 104 | 112 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 30 | 39 | 42 | 19 | 180 | 160 | 99 | 115 | 150 | 178 | 178 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 1,712 | 2,266 | Not applicable | 1,543 | 1,313 | 1,041 | 175 | 1,249 | 534 | 873 | 909 |
| -2,169 | -6,096 | -4,008 | -4,139 | -4,032 | -2,064 | -7,084 | -685 | -1,862 | -3,122 | -2,953 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 7,686 | 4,055 | 2,465 | 1,830 | 912 | 993 | 1,345 | 810 | 646 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 13 | 17 | 278 | 248 | 33 | 40 | 266 | 8 | 9 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | 428 | 512 | 349 | 320 | 298 | 356 | 390 | 249 | 267 |
| -694 | -1,330 | -1,109 | -1,034 | -3,874 | -2,160 | -2,260 | -1,546 | -986 | -988 | -2,224 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | 627 | 946 | 1,090 | 883 | 814 | 685 | 548 | 681 | 470 | 631 | 923 |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 1,000 | 0 | 187 | 25 | 3 | 109 | 50 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 3,426 | 6,872 | 6,237 | 6,042 | 7,355 | 6,736 | 7,937 | 5,377 | 4,496 | 5,064 | 4,515 |
| 6,872 | 6,237 | 6,042 | 7,355 | 6,736 | 7,937 | 5,377 | 4,496 | 5,064 | 4,515 | 5,246 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | -204 | 20 | 104 | -118 | -131 | -161 | -67 | 217 | 69 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | -195 | 1,313 | -619 | 1,201 | -2,560 | -881 | 568 | -548 | 730 |
| 영업으로부터 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | 8,910 | 7,557 | 7,911 | 8,575 | 6,705 | 7,149 | 2,811 | 4,057 | 3,814 | 6,810 |
| 영업으로부터창출된현금흐름As filed | 7,881 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 임대보증금의 반환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 14 | 29 | 48 | 13 | 3 |
| 법인세의 납부As filed | — | — | 2,528 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의?감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성 금융기관예치금의 순감소As filed | 0 | — | 2,650 | 176 | 0 | 122 | — | 273 | 128 | 143 | 0 |
| 임대보증금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 53 | 20 | 25 | 75 | 2 |
| 유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,325 | — | — | — |
| 유동성 매도가능금융자산의 순감소As filed | 653 | — | 1,307 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성 상각후원가측정금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | 305 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타수취채권의 감소As filed | 131 | 197 | 195 | 60 | 76 | 458 | 315 | 285 | 309 | 97 | 161 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 0 | 329 | 504 | 245 | 120 | 1,106 | 171 | 454 | 408 | 620 | 42 |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 201 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상각후원가측정금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 14 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 5 | — | — | — |
| 주식선택권행사로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 |
| 단기차입금의 감소As filed | — | 374 | 540 | 396 | 327 | 491 | 332 | 228 | 203 | 280 | 538 |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 1,856 | 2,068 | 1,403 | 1,056 | — | 650 | 603 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 금융기관예치금의 감소As filed | — | — | 14 | 6 | 0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배지분과의 거래로 인한 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 170 |
| 리스부채의 상환?As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 694 | — | — |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | 0 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 43 | 278 |
| 비유동성 매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | — | 69 | 5 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 처분As filed | — | — | 34 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 31 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| 기타포괄손익공정가치금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 32 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사업결합 등으로 인한 순현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 449 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정 금융자산의 순감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,389 | 0 |
| 유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 순감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 매각예정비유동자산의 처분As filed | 400 | 1,451 | 210 | 5 | 0 | 0 | — | 62 | 265 | 0 | 0 |
| 관계기업으로부터의 배당금수익As filed | — | — | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타의 현금유입액As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 114 | — | 29 | 0 | 0 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82 |
| 유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정 금융자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 2,186 |
| 유동성 금융기관예치금의 순증가As filed | 166 | 1,153 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 431 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 653 | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 1,233 | 1,731 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 0 | — | — |
| 비유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정 금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — |
| 유동성 매도가능금융자산의 순증가As filed | 0 | 1,023 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타수취채권의 증가As filed | 461 | 253 | 310 | 49 | 41 | 38 | 296 | 101 | 182 | 85 | 116 |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 1,363 | 235 | 4,252 | — | — | — | — |
| 유형자산의 처분As filed | 17 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 유동성 상각후원가측정 금융자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 기타포괄손익공정가치금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30 | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
| 비유동성 금융기관예치금의 증가As filed | 15 | 35 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | — | — | — |
| 유동성 상각후원가측정금융자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 300 | 286 | — | — |
| 종속회사및관계회사주식의 취득As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 취득세의 환급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 0 |
| 매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 3,402 | 7,827 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | — | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속회사취득으로 인한 현금유입As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타현금유입As filed | — | — | — | 153 | 51 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 169 | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 비유동성 금융기관예치금의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 15 | 15 |
| 유동성 금융기관예치금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 554 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 200 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유형자산의 취득As filed | 2,153 | 4,948 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 490 | 1,833 | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의 취득As filed | 607 | 403 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상각후원가측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | 0 | — | 454 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배주주의 유상증자As filed | 0 | 19 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사업결합으로 인한 순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 4,940 | 0 |
| 유동성 상각후원가측정 금융자산의 순감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 286 | 74 |
| 사업결합 등으로 인한 순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,756 | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 상각후원가측정 금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 1 |
| 상각후원가측정 금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의 감소As filed | — | — | 450 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동성 상각후원가측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 | 4 |
| 유동성 금융기관예치금의순증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 332 |
| 비유동성 금융기관예치금의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 |
| 비지배주주지분의 취득As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 0 | 348 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 694 | 1,678 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배주주지분의취득As filed | — | 358 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 외화환산으로인한현금의증감As filed | 35 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 순감소As filed | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 배당금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 478 | 3 |
| 현금의증가(감소)As filed | 3,446 | -635 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
In the latest fiscal year cash generated by operations covered both investing outflows and financing outflows.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.18.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 20 | 삼일회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 19 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 18 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 17 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 16 | 삼일회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 15 | 삼일회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 14 | 삼일회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 13 | 삼일회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 12 | 삼일회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Dividend historyKRW
The dividend-per-share bars are restated onto the current share basis for splits and par-value changes. The payout ratio and the dividend yield divide figures filed for the same period and are left unadjusted.
Payout ratio and dividend yield%
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | 27,981 | -79.4% |
| Dividend discount model DDM | 28,579 | -79.0% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | 238,733 | +75.7% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 203,826 | +50.0% |
| Residual income model RIM | 51,507 | -62.1% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.34 × 5.00% = 6.10%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(4.33% × (1 − 32.93%), 0) = 2.90%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Gordon growth model
P_0 = 1,125 × (1 + 2.00%) / (6.10% − 2.00%) = 1,148 / 0.0410 = 27,981 KRW
Dividend discount model DDM
D_0 = 1,125, g_1 = 2.90%, g_T = 2.00%, r = 6.10%
| Year | Growth | Dividend KRW | Discount factor | Present value KRW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.90% | 1,158 | 0.9425 | 1,091 |
| 2 | 2.68% | 1,189 | 0.8883 | 1,056 |
| 3 | 2.45% | 1,218 | 0.8372 | 1,020 |
| 4 | 2.23% | 1,245 | 0.7891 | 982 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 1,270 | 0.7437 | 944 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 31,580 | 0.7437 | 23,486 |
| Total | 28,579 | |||
P_0 = 28,579 KRW
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 93,161 KRW, ROE = 4.33%, payout ratio = 32.93%, r = 6.10%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 93,161 | 4,029 | 5,684 | -1,655 | 0.9425 | -1,559 |
| 2 | 95,864 | 4,146 | 5,849 | -1,703 | 0.8883 | -1,512 |
| 3 | 98,644 | 4,266 | 6,018 | -1,752 | 0.8372 | -1,467 |
| 4 | 101,506 | 4,390 | 6,193 | -1,803 | 0.7891 | -1,423 |
| 5 | 104,450 | 4,517 | 6,373 | -1,855 | 0.7437 | -1,380 |
| Terminal value | -46,139 | 0.7437 | -34,314 | |||
P_0 = 93,161 + -7,341 + -34,314 = 51,507 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 5,838.4 − 645.9 + 178.4 × (1 − 28.07%) = 5,320.9 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 79,491.7, D = 2,562.5 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 96.88%, debt weight = 3.12%; cost of debt k_d = 6.10%
WACC = 96.88% × 6.10% + 3.12% × 6.10% × (1 − 28.07%) = 6.05%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.90% | 5,475.2 | 0.9430 | 5,163.0 |
| 2 | 2.68% | 5,621.7 | 0.8892 | 4,998.8 |
| 3 | 2.45% | 5,759.5 | 0.8385 | 4,829.3 |
| 4 | 2.23% | 5,887.6 | 0.7907 | 4,655.2 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 6,005.4 | 0.7456 | 4,477.5 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 151,337.2 | 0.7456 | 112,834.5 |
| Total | 136,958.3 | |||
Firm value = 136,958.3; less borrowings 2,562.5; plus cash 5,245.6 → 139,641.3 KRW hundred million
P_0 = 139,641.3 KRW hundred million ÷ 58,492,759 (shares) = 238,733 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 5,838.4 − 645.9 + -499.4 (net borrowing) = 4,693.1 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.90% | 4,829.3 | 0.9425 | 4,551.6 |
| 2 | 2.68% | 4,958.5 | 0.8883 | 4,404.6 |
| 3 | 2.45% | 5,080.0 | 0.8372 | 4,253.1 |
| 4 | 2.23% | 5,193.0 | 0.7891 | 4,097.7 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 5,296.9 | 0.7437 | 3,939.3 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 131,741.5 | 0.7437 | 97,977.0 |
| Total | 119,223.2 | |||
P_0 = 119,223.2 KRW hundred million ÷ 58,492,759 (shares) = 203,826 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.