Doosan Fuel Cell
Price chart
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Adjusted prices rescale past bars with coefficients taken from the base prices the exchange itself published, correcting for corporate actions such as stock splits and reverse splits. Cash dividends are not reflected, and the risk measures on this page never use these adjusted figures.
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
Doosan Fuel Cell was established on October 1, 2019, through a spin-off from the fuel cell business division of Doosan. The company is listed on the KOSPI market and is headquartered in Iksan, Jeollabuk-do.
The company provides fuel cell equipment for power generation and long-term maintenance services for fuel cell power plants. Its main customers include public and private power generation operators.
Business overview as filed
당사는 세계적으로 가속화되는 수소경제 전환에 발맞추어 수소 발전 연료전지 시장의 성장 기회를 극대화하고 미래 성장 재원을 적기에 확보하기 위하여 ㈜두산 연료전지 사업을 인적분할하여 2019년 10월 1일 설립되었습니다.당사의 핵심 사업은 발전용 연료전지 사업으로, 발전용 연료전지 기자재 공급 및 연료전지 발전소에 대한 장기유지보수서비스 제공을 주요 사업으로 영위하고 있습니다. 매출 비중은 2025년 사업연도를 기준으로 기자재 공급 79% 및 장기유지보수서비스 21%로 구성되어 있으며, 주요 고객사는 공공 및 민간 발전사업자입니다. 당사가 제작ㆍ공급하는 연료전지는 전기 및 열효율을 포함하는 복합효율이 높고 안정성이 우수하며 분산 발전이 가능한 친환경 발전원으로, 국내 발전용 연료전지 시장 누적점유율 1위를 기록하고 있습니다.한국은 신재생에너지 공급의무화제도(RPS, Renewable Portfolio Standard) 도입, 수소경제 활성화 로드맵 발표 등 정부 정책을 중심으로 발전용 연료전지 시장 및 산업 생태계가 형성되어 왔습니다. 특히 2021년 「수소경제 육성 및 수소 안전관리에 관한 법률」(이하 수소법)의 시행으로 수소경제 로드맵 이행을 위한 법률적 토대가 마련되었으며, 2022년 수소법 개정에 따른 청정수소 발전의무화제도(CHPS, Clean Hydrogen Energy Portfolio Standard) 도입 후 2023년부터 수소발전 입찰시장이 개설됨에 따라 향후 수소경제로의 전환 및 관련 시장의 성장은 더욱 가속화 될 것으로 예상됩니다.당사는 2025년 연결재무제표 기준으로 매출액 4,548억원, 영업이익 -1,057억원의 경영실적을 기록하였으며, 품목별 매출액은 연료전지 주기기 3,590억원(매출비중 79%) 및 장기유지보수서비스 958억원(매출비중 21%)입니다. 당사는 매출액 증대를 위하여 연료전지를 활용할 수 있는 다양한 사업모델을 개발하는 한편, 시장 확대를 위하여 중국 등 수소에너지에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 해외 시장에서의 사업기회 확대를 추진하고 있습니다. 또한 발전용 및 선박용 SOFC(고체산화물 연료전지), 친환경 상용차 등 미래 성장을 위한 신규 사업을 추진하고 있습니다.탄소중립을 달성하기 위한 대체에너지로 수소 관련 기술의 중요성이 부각됨에 따라 향후 수소의 생산, 저장ㆍ운송, 활용 등 밸류체인 전 분야에서 다양한 사업기회가 확대될 것으로 예상됩니다. 당사는 적극적인 사업개발, 원가 및 품질 경쟁력 강화를 통해 기존 사업의 경쟁력을 공고히하는 한편, 수소 관련 신사업 추진을 본격화하여 사업 포트폴리오를 확장하고 '수소 경제의 Technical Leader'라는 중장기 비전을 실현해 나가고자 합니다.
Company overview
가. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 '두산퓨얼셀 주식회사'이며, 영문명은 'Doosan Fuel Cell Co., Ltd.'입니다.
나. 설립일자당사는 2019년 10월 1일을 분할기일로 하여 ㈜두산 연료전지 사업부문을 인적분할하여 설립되었습니다.
다. 본사의 주소, 전화번호 및 홈페이지 주소
- 주 소 : 전라북도 익산시 석암로7길 100- 전화번호 : 063-722-2001- 홈페이지 : https://www.doosanfuelcell.com
라. 연결대상 종속회사 개황(1) 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
(2) 연결대상회사의 변동내용
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 주요 사업의 내용
당사는 연료전지 전문기업으로, 발전용 연료전지 기자재 공급 및 연료전지 발전소에 대한 장기유지보수서비스 제공을 주요 사업으로 영위하고 있습니다. 매출 비중은 2025년 사업연도를 기준으로 기자재 공급 79% 및 장기유지보수서비스 21%로 구성되어 있으며, 주요 고객사는 공공 및 민간 발전사업자입니다. 당사가 제작ㆍ공급하는 연료전지는 전기 및 열효율을 포함하는 복합효율이 높고 안정성이 우수하며 분산 발전이 가능한 친환경 발전원으로, 국내 발전용 연료전지 시장 누적점유율 1위를 기록하고 있습니다.
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
당사가 신용평가 전문기관으로부터 최근 3년간 받은 신용평가 등급은 다음과 같습니다.
[신용평가 등급체계 및 의미]
AA등급부터 B등급까지는 동일 등급내에서 세분하여 구분할 필요가 있는 경우 "+" 또는 "-"의 기호를 부여하고 있습니다.
아. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.18), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 81.4% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- -0.028%[-0.792%, +0.736%]
- R squared
- 0.27
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 1.59[0.91, 2.27]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSPI200 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2019Separate basis | 2020Separate basis | 2021Separate basis | 2022Separate basis | 2023Separate basis | 2024Consolidated basis | 2025Consolidated basis | TTMConsolidated basis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 2,212 | 4,618 | 3,814 | 3,121 | 2,609 | 4,118 | 4,548 | 4,157 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 108.82 | -17.41 | -18.16 | -16.42 | — | 10.45 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | -17 | -1,057 | -1,444 |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 119 | 142 | 87 | 39 | -85 | -105 | -1,328 | -1,889 |
| Net income growth% | — | 19.54 | -38.72 | -55.57 | -320.01 | — | — | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | -105 | -1,328 | -1,889 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Operating margin% | — | — | — | — | — | -0.42 | -23.24 | -34.74 |
| Net margin% | 5.37 | 3.07 | 2.28 | 1.24 | -3.26 | -2.54 | -29.20 | -45.44 |
| ROE% | — | — | — | — | — | -2.10 | -36.14 | -63.04 |
| ROA% | 2.39 | 1.80 | 1.24 | 0.38 | -0.79 | -0.89 | -11.08 | -14.14 |
| Debt ratio% | 197.27 | 54.17 | 34.87 | 96.33 | 108.88 | 136.45 | 226.12 | 345.88 |
| Current ratio% | 181.25 | 246.43 | 641.94 | 216.11 | 225.52 | 180.51 | 122.99 | 104.09 |
| Quick ratio% | 146.78 | 204.00 | 372.64 | 78.36 | 65.42 | 76.56 | 42.42 | 36.99 |
| Reserve ratio% | 2,215.15 | 6,157.08 | 6,223.91 | 6,290.09 | 6,156.32 | 5,988.70 | 4,383.61 | 3,542.96 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 328 | -908 | — |
| FCF margin% | — | — | — | — | — | 7.97 | -19.96 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 1,025.51 | -535.80 | -1,610.74 | -6,668.95 | — | — | — | — |
| Capex to revenue% | — | — | — | — | — | 16.58 | 7.53 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 84.3 | 176.0 | 436.5 | 734.5 | — | 265.9 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | — | — | — | 202.7 | — | — | — |
| EPSKRW | — | — | — | — | — | -128 | -1,623 | -2,884 |
| PER | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| BPSKRW | — | — | — | — | — | 7,617 | 5,611 | 4,575 |
| PBRx | — | — | — | — | — | 2.10 | 5.14 | 12.24 |
| Dividend per share | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Profit flowKRW 100M
This fiscal year shows a loss at gross profit, operating income, profit before tax or net income, so it is left to the table rather than drawn as a flow.
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,958 | 7,902 | 6,989 | 10,269 | 10,708 | 11,797 | 11,984 | |
| 4,084 | 6,520 | 4,982 | 6,757 | 6,481 | 6,606 | 5,693 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 1,333 | 1,324 | 60 | 319 | 502 | 1,376 | 648 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | 200 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 116 | 19 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 777 | 1,122 | 2,090 | 4,307 | 4,601 | 3,804 | 3,730 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 874 | 1,382 | 2,006 | 3,512 | 4,228 | 5,191 | 6,291 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 427 | 513 | 909 | 1,763 | 2,713 | 3,347 | 3,746 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 326 | 995 |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 15 | 31 | 29 | 25 | 38 | 46 | 88 |
| 3,290 | 2,776 | 1,807 | 5,039 | 5,582 | 6,808 | 8,309 | |
| 2,253 | 2,646 | 776 | 3,127 | 2,874 | 3,660 | 4,629 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,524 | 935 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 640 | 600 | 1,000 | 760 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | 27 | 30 | 33 | 17 |
| 1,037 | 131 | 1,031 | 1,912 | 2,708 | 3,148 | 3,680 | |
| Bonds issuedKRW 100M | 988 | 0 | 748 | 972 | — | 1,476 | 1,573 |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 300 | 700 | 600 | 567 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | 48 |
| 1,668 | 5,125 | 5,182 | 5,231 | 5,127 | 4,989 | 3,675 | |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 4,989 | 3,675 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 72 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 1,485 | 4,794 | 4,776 | 4,775 | 4,775 | 4,761 | 4,761 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 106 | 245 | 318 | 373 | 263 | 140 | -1,174 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 5 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | -1 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 0 | 0 |
| 기타채권As filed | 640 | 474 | 382 | 236 | 651 | 308 | 46 |
| 파생상품 평가자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 |
| 매출채권As filed | 953 | 721 | 292 | 1,478 | 444 | 695 | 776 |
| 단기투자증권As filed | — | 2,604 | 1,810 | 189 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 180 | 275 | 348 | 229 | 267 | 303 | 461 |
| 기타금융자산As filed | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기투자증권As filed | — | 45 | 45 | 54 | 57 | 74 | 77 |
| 무형자산As filed | 286 | 280 | 373 | 360 | 342 | — | — |
| 장기기타채권As filed | — | 311 | 347 | 672 | 36 | 46 | 56 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 39 | 89 | 106 | 124 | 173 | 174 | 77 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | 69 | 113 | 197 | 513 | 868 | 1,178 | 1,252 |
| 매입채무As filed | 432 | 740 | 169 | — | — | 376 | 614 |
| 기타채무As filed | 122 | 72 | 122 | 459 | 340 | 260 | 268 |
| 미지급법인세As filed | 55 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기매입채무As filed | — | — | — | 857 | 305 | — | — |
| 자본조정As filed | -0 | -0 | -0 | -2 | -1 | — | — |
| 기타의충당부채As filed | 46 | — | — | 6 | 1 | — | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | — | 50 | 69 | 35 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 기타충당부채As filed | — | 166 | 161 | 171 | 177 | 222 | 580 |
| 유동성리스부채As filed | 14 | 14 | 29 | — | — | — | — |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 4,958 | 7,902 | 6,989 | 10,269 | 10,708 | 11,797 | 11,984 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 1,584 | 614 | 226 | 158 | — | — | — |
| 유동성사채As filed | — | 989 | 0 | 774 | 1,063 | 809 | 1,479 |
| 리스부채As filed | 9 | 9 | 71 | 65 | 46 | — | — |
| 유동파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | 21 | 16 | 2 | 3 | 49 | 52 | 16 |
| 파생상품평가부채As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 판매보증충당부채As filed | 12 | 93 | 193 | 548 | 659 | — | — |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | 6 | 11 | 13 | 10 | — | — | — |
| 유동판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 137 | 245 |
| 유동성 장기유동화 채무As filed | — | — | — | — | 167 | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 100 | 233 |
| 파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | 5 | 0 | — | — |
| 유동성장기유동화채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 332 | 191 |
| 장기기타채무As filed | — | 1 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 |
| 장기매입채무 및 기타비유동채무As filed | — | — | — | 300 | 700 | — | — |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 192 | 390 | 242 |
| 비유동판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 759 | 799 |
| 장기파생상품평가부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 |
| 장기유동화채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 194 | 604 |
| 기타비유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 9 | 18 | 45 |
| 사채As filed | — | — | — | — | 708 | — | — |
| 장기유동채무As filed | — | — | — | — | 528 | — | — |
Income statement
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,212 | 4,618 | 3,814 | 3,121 | 2,609 | 4,118 | 4,548 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 1,955 | 4,112 | 3,332 | 2,675 | 2,213 | 3,756 | 5,171 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 256 | 506 | 482 | 447 | 395 | 362 | -623 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | -62 | 246 | 302 | 375 | 379 | 379 | 434 |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | -17 | -1,057 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 44 | 165 | 170 | 152 | 75 | 104 | 85 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 67 | 221 | 171 | 124 | 209 | 222 | 271 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 4 | 11 | 48 | 56 | 66 | 77 | 14 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 0 | 49 | 39 | 109 | 87 | 51 | 4 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | — | — | -2 | -4 | 13 | 8 | -7 |
| 160 | 183 | 186 | 43 | -125 | -102 | -1,240 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | -41 | 41 | 99 | 4 | -40 | 3 | 88 |
| 119 | 142 | 87 | 39 | -85 | -105 | -1,328 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | -105 | -1,328 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 0 | 0 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | -128 | -1,623 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 107 | 139 | 75 | 51 | -105 | -123 | -1,314 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -12 | -3 | -12 | 12 | -20 | -18 | 14 |
| 영업이익As filed | 195 | 260 | 180 | 72 | 16 | — | — |
| 비지배지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 지배기업 소유주지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -123 | -1,314 |
| 보통주 기본주당순이익As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0 | — | — |
| 지분법손실As filed | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법이익As filed | — | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 구형우선주 기본주당순손실As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | -0 |
| 우선주 기본주당순이익As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0 | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | -3 | — | 16 | -24 | -18 | 16 |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류 되는 항목As filed | — | — | — | -4 | 4 | — | — |
| 자산재평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | -2 |
| 위험회피파생상품평가손익As filed | — | — | — | -4 | 4 | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | -13 | -3 | -14 | 16 | -24 | — | — |
| 현금흐름위험회피파생상품평가이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | -2 |
| 확정급여제도의재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -18 | 14 |
| 재평가잉여금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 1 |
Cash flow statement
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 119 | 142 | 87 | 39 | -85 | -105 | -1,328 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 1,099 | -902 | -1,488 | -2,615 | 163 | 1,115 | 763 |
| 1,217* | -760 | -1,401 | -2,577 | 78 | 1,011 | -565 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 24 | 27 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 271 | 251 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 2 | 4 |
| -228 | -2,555 | 421 | 927 | -957 | -827 | -1,025 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 683 | 343 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 0 | 0 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 34 | 717 |
| 4* | 3,306 | -283 | 1,908 | 1,053 | 691 | 863 | |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | -0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | — | 3,319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 340 | 1,333 | 1,324 | 60 | 319 | 502 | 1,376 |
| 1,333 | 1,324 | 60 | 319 | 502 | 1,376 | 648 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | -0 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 0 | -0 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 993* | -9 | -1,264 | 258 | 183 | 874 | -728 |
| 당기순이익As filed | 119 | 142 | 87 | 39 | -85 | — | — |
| 현금및현금성자산에 대한 환율변동효과As filed | — | 0 | -0 | -0 | 10 | — | — |
| 당기순이익조정을 위한 가감As filed | 159 | 407 | 535 | 787 | 784 | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 106 | 3,319 | 847 | 1,936 | 3,093 | 2,374 | 2,840 |
| 영업활동으로인한자산ㆍ부채의변동As filed | 941 | -1,192 | -1,879 | -3,306 | — | — | — |
| 사채의 발행As filed | — | — | 747 | 972 | 797 | 1,574 | 1,582 |
| 이자의 수취As filed | 1 | 25 | 2 | 5 | 13 | — | — |
| 이자의 지급As filed | -3 | -48 | -58 | -56 | -242 | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | 300 | 400 | 0 | 200 |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | 0 | 100 | 640 | 1,200 | 800 | 260 |
| 법인세의 납부As filed | -0 | -95 | -88 | -61 | -33 | — | — |
| 배당금수취(영업)As filed | — | — | — | 17 | 16 | — | — |
| 유동성사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 장기유동화채무의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 796 |
| 주식선택권의 행사As filed | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입액As filed | 1 | 796 | 826 | 1,731 | 221 | 15 | 105 |
| 기타재무활동으로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
| 정부보조금의 수취As filed | 0 | 1 | 5 | 98 | 12 | — | — |
| 유동성 사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | 25 | 0 | — | — |
| 재무활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 102 | 13 | 1,131 | 28 | 2,040 | 1,683 | 1,977 |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | -2 | 13 | 16 | 26 | 25 | 30 | 35 |
| 장기대여금의 회수As filed | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 회수As filed | — | 600 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 장기유동화 채무발행As filed | — | — | — | — | 696 | — | — |
| 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출액As filed | 229 | 3,351 | 405 | 804 | 1,178 | 842 | 1,130 |
| 단기투자증권의 회수As filed | — | 194 | 820 | 1,619 | 196 | — | — |
| 유동성사채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1,065 | 810 |
| 단기금융상품의 취득As filed | -200 | -400 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 90 | 0 |
| 대여금의 회수As filed | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
| 기타 자본거래로 인한 현금유출액As filed | — | — | 25 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| 유형자산의 처분As filed | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 장기금융자산의 취득As filed | -25 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | -100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 1,240 | 400 | 500 |
| 유형자산의 취득As filed | -2 | -128 | 349 | 738 | 1,139 | — | — |
| 사채의 상환As filed | — | — | 990 | 0 | 775 | — | — |
| 유동성장기유동화채무의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 168 | 420 |
| 무형자산의 취득As filed | -2 | -8 | 53 | 34 | 13 | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 10 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 장기유동화채무의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 112 |
| 장기대여금의 증가As filed | -0 | — | 2 | 16 | — | — | — |
| 단기투자증권의 취득As filed | — | -2,794 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 기타 투자활동으로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| 신주발행비의 지급As filed | -0 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 사업결합으로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| 장기투자증권의 취득As filed | — | -20 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 97 |
| 대여금의 증가As filed | — | -1 | — | — | 10 | 9 | 15 |
| 정부보조금의 수령As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 기타 투자활동으로 인한 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 11 | 4 |
| 관계기업지분 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 51 |
| 영업활동으로 인한 자산 부채의 변동As filed | — | — | — | — | -374 | 473 | -844 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1,260 | -338 |
| 주식발행비의 지급As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 조정As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 892 | 1,834 |
| 배당금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 2 |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -105 | -1,328 |
In the latest fiscal year operations and investing consumed cash raised through financing activities.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.18.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 7 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 6 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 5 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 4 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 3 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 2 | 한영회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 1 | 한영회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Residual income model RIM | -3,148 | -106.9% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.37% + 1.08 × 5.00% = 9.78%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(-36.14% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 0.00%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 5,611 KRW, ROE = -36.14%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 9.78%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5,611 | -2,028 | 549 | -2,577 | 0.9109 | -2,347 |
| 2 | 3,583 | -1,295 | 351 | -1,645 | 0.8297 | -1,365 |
| 3 | 2,288 | -827 | 224 | -1,051 | 0.7558 | -794 |
| 4 | 1,461 | -528 | 143 | -671 | 0.6884 | -462 |
| 5 | 933 | -337 | 91 | -429 | 0.6271 | -269 |
| Terminal value | -5,616 | 0.6271 | -3,522 | |||
P_0 = 5,611 + -5,237 + -3,522 = -3,148 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.