LS Materials
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
LS Materials Co., Ltd. was established on January 1, 2021. The company is listed on the KOSDAQ market.
The company produces and distributes medium and large ultracapacitors for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and smart factories. Through its subsidiary LS Rsco Co., Ltd., it also provides aluminum components for automotive and industrial use, as well as landscape materials such as bridge cladding and canopies.
Business overview as filed
가. 회사의 현황[UC사업부문]
당사는 2021년 1월 1일 LS엠트론㈜의 울트라캐패시터 사업부문이 물적분할 후 설립되었으며 신재생에너지, 스마트팩토리 내 AGV용 및 전기차 분야에 활용되는 에너지 저장장치인 중,대형 울트라캐패시터(UltraCapacitor) 생산 및 판매를 주요 사업으로 영위하고 있습니다.당사의 주력 사업영역은 중대형 울트라캐패시터 셀 및 모듈 제품입니다. 중,대형 울트라캐패시터는 풍력발전기 내 피치컨트롤 전원, 산업용 AGV전원, 트램내 전력장치, 스마트그리드 전력산업, 전기자동차 내 보조 전력 등으로 사용되고 있으며 중대형 울트라캐패시터는 소형 캐패시터와 비교하여 응용분야가 상대적으로 다양하여 응용처도 나날이 확대되어가는 추세입니다.
[알루미늄사업부문]
당사의 종속회사인 엘에스알스코㈜는 2018년 9월 11일에 신설된 법인으로 LS전선㈜의 알루미늄 사업부문과 LS빌드윈㈜의 경관재 사업부문을 사업양수도 형태로 흡수하여 설립된 법인으로서, 알루미늄 사업부와 경관재 사업부 두개의 사업부로 운영되고 있습니다.알루미늄사업부문은 경상북도 구미시 진평동에 소재(61,410㎡)하고 있으며, 자가공장에 주조라인, 압출라인, 후가공라인등 알루미늄 가공 전라인을 보유하고 있습니다.주조 공정에서 연간 30,000톤, 압출 및 후가공(코팅 및 절단)공정에서 연간 7,700톤의 알루미늄 부품 제조가 가능합니다. 자동차부품 관련 소재, 산업용소재, 전기전자부품소재 등 각종 사업의 필수재를 생산하고 있습니다. 특히 자동차부품 관련해서는 Profile, 차량용 PA12 코팅튜브 등을 공급하고 있습니다. 최근에는 SOFC(고체산화물 연료전지) 수소 연료전지의 알루미늄 모듈을 제조하여 납품하고 있습니다.
[경관재사업부문]
경관재사업부문은 시설물 제품과 구조물 제품이 있으며, 시설물분야에서 교량외장재, 캐노피, 조형물 등을 제공하고 있습니다. 엔지니어링 역량은 디자인, 설계, 구조, 시공 분야에서 우수한 전문인력을 많이 보유하면서 갖게 되었으며, 이를 통하여 공공시설 분야의 설계단계에서 준공까지 모든 과정에 턴키수행이 가능합니다. 전반적인 Total solution 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황(1) 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
(2) 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 '엘에스머트리얼즈 주식회사'로 표기하며, 영문명은 'LS Materials Co., Ltd.' 입니다.
다. 설립일자
당사는 2021년 1월 1일에 '엘에스머트리얼즈 주식회사'로 설립되었습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 대한민국에 대리인이 있는 경우에는 이름(대표자), 주소 및 연락처
해당사항 없음
사. 주요 사업의 내용
[UC사업부문]당사는 2021년 1월 1일 LS엠트론㈜의 울트라캐패시터 사업부문이 물적분할 후 설립되었으며 신재생에너지, 스마트팩토리 내 AGV용 및 전기차 분야에 활용되는 에너지 저장장치인 중,대형 울트라캐패시터(UltraCapacitor) 생산 및 판매를 주요 사업으로 영위하고 있습니다.당사의 주력 사업영역은 울트라캐패시터 내 중대형 셀 및 모듈 제품입니다. 중,대형 울트라캐패시터는 풍력발전기 내 피치컨트롤 전원, 산업용 AGV전원, 트램내 전력장치, 스마트그리드 전력산업, 전기자동차 내 보조 전력 등으로 사용되고 있으며 중대형 울트라캐패시터는 소형캐패시터와 비교하여 응용분야가 상대적으로 다양하여 응용처도 나날이 확대되어가는 추세입니다.[알루미늄사업부문]당사의 종속회사인 엘에스알스코㈜는 2018년 9월 11일에 신설된 법인으로 LS전선㈜의 알루미늄사업부문과 LS빌드윈㈜의 경관재사업부문을 사업양수도 형태로 흡수하여 설립된 법인으로서, 알루미늄 사업부와 경관재 사업부 두개의 사업부로 운영되고 있습니다.알루미늄사업부문은 경상북도 구미시 진평동에 소재(61,410㎡)하고 있으며, 자가공장에 주조라인, 압출라인, 후가공라인등 알루미늄 가공 전라인을 보유하고 있습니다.주조 공정에서 연간 30,000톤, 압출 및 후가공(코팅 및 절단)공정에서 연간 7,700톤의알루미늄 부품 제조가 가능합니다. 자동차부품 관련 소재, 산업용소재, 전기전자부품소재 등 각종 사업의 필수재를 생산하고 있습니다. 특히 자동차부품 관련해서는 Profile, 차량용 PA12 코팅튜브 등을 공급하고 있습니다. 최근에는 SOFC(고체산화물 연료전지) 수소 연료전지의 알루미늄 모듈을 제조하여 납품하고 있습니다.[경관재사업부문]경관재사업부문은 시설물 제품과 구조물 제품이 있으며, 시설물분야에서 교량외장재, 캐노피, 조형물 등을 제공하고 있습니다. 엔지니어링 역량은 디자인, 설계, 구조, 시공 분야에서 우수한 전문인력을 많이 보유하면서 갖게 되었으며, 이를 통하여 공공시설 분야의 설계단계에서 준공까지 모든 과정에 턴키수행이 가능합니다. 전반적인 Total solution 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.
아. 신용평가에 관한 사항
(1) 신용등급 정의 - ㈜이크레더블
자. 「상법」제290조에 따른 변태설립사항
해당사항 없음
차. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.06.04), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 71.1% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.263%[-0.264%, +0.790%]
- R squared
- 0.43
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 1.19[0.88, 1.51]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 1,620 | 1,369 | 1,421 | 1,536 | 1,734 |
| Revenue growth% | — | -15.50 | 3.79 | 8.10 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 145 | 136 | 62 | -1 | 3 |
| Operating income growth% | — | -6.16 | -54.33 | -102.29 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 84 | 122 | 57 | -10 | -17 |
| Net income growth% | — | 45.34 | -53.45 | -117.70 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 84 | 122 | 57 | 4 | 12 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | — | 1 | 0 | -14 | -29 |
| Operating margin% | 8.93 | 9.91 | 4.36 | -0.09 | 0.17 |
| Net margin% | 5.19 | 8.93 | 4.01 | -0.66 | -0.99 |
| ROE% | 8.48 | 6.74 | 3.07 | 0.24 | 0.65 |
| ROA% | 5.69 | 4.59 | 2.25 | -0.37 | -0.57 |
| Debt ratio% | 49.00 | 31.09 | 22.20 | 33.22 | 47.75 |
| Current ratio% | 222.92 | 288.04 | 283.06 | 375.49 | 252.04 |
| Quick ratio% | 161.55 | 247.08 | 208.20 | 285.75 | 173.24 |
| Reserve ratio% | 275.31 | 433.53 | 445.66 | 447.24 | 442.55 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | -41 | -114 | -596 | -176 | — |
| FCF margin% | -2.55 | -8.36 | -41.94 | -11.43 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 23.83 | 56.05 | -191.90 | — | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 3.79 | 13.36 | 34.25 | 15.10 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 78.0 | 80.9 | 76.1 | — |
| EPSKRW | 164 | 214 | 84 | 6 | 18 |
| PERx | — | 207.24 | 140.24 | 2,030.00 | 835.30 |
| BPSKRW | — | 2,668 | 2,728 | 2,736 | 2,724 |
| PBRx | — | 16.62 | 4.32 | 4.45 | 5.43 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | — | — | 22 | — | — |
| Payout ratio% | — | — | 26.19 | — | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
This fiscal year shows a loss at gross profit, operating income, profit before tax or net income, so it is left to the table rather than drawn as a flow.
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,477 | 2,662 | 2,531 | 2,745 | |
| 837 | 1,786 | 1,120 | 1,213 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 169 | 1,196 | 503 | 574 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 231 | 254 | 296 | 290 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 640 | 876 | 1,411 | 1,532 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 478 | 626 | 1,132 | 1,268 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 28 | 206 | 212 | 213 |
| 486 | 631 | 460 | 685 | |
| 376 | 620 | 396 | 323 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | — | 232 | 158 | 121 |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | — | 21 | — | 0 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 15 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| 110 | 11 | 64 | 361 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 21 | — | 40 | 350 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | 87 | 8 | 20 | 7 |
| 991 | 2,031 | 2,072 | 2,061 | |
| 991 | 1,805 | 1,846 | 1,851 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 264 | 338 | 338 | 338 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 633 | 1,269 | 1,269 | 1,271 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 94 | 198 | 239 | 242 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | — | 0 | -0 | -0 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | Not applicable | 226 | 226 | 210 |
| 유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 |
| 파생상품자산As filed | 0 | 3 | 3 | — |
| 매출채권As filed | 231 | 301 | 265 | — |
| 계약자산As filed | 5 | 11 | 9 | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | 190 | 5 | 5 | — |
| 유동계약자산As filed | — | — | — | 18 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | — | — | 4 | 2 |
| 기타자산As filed | 11 | 5 | 36 | — |
| 유동매출채권As filed | — | — | — | 306 |
| 기타수취채권As filed | 1 | 16 | 4 | — |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | 13 | 7 | 5 | 10 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 기타유동자산As filed | — | — | — | 8 |
| 기타유동금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 14 |
| 비유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 |
| 사용권자산As filed | 96 | 24 | 38 | 23 |
| 비유동 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 7 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 1,477 | 2,662 | 2,531 | 2,745 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | — | — | 2 |
| 파생상품부채As filed | 16 | 3 | 1 | — |
| 기타지급채무As filed | 58 | 45 | 122 | — |
| 매입채무As filed | 238 | 270 | 60 | — |
| 계약부채As filed | 27 | 13 | 17 | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 2 |
| 충당부채As filed | 7 | 2 | 0 | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 14 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
| 기타부채As filed | 1 | 1 | 8 | — |
| 유동파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | 0 |
| 유동 기타지급채무As filed | — | — | — | 103 |
| 유동 매입채무As filed | — | — | — | 33 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | — | 0 | — | 0 |
| 유동계약부채As filed | — | — | — | 32 |
| 유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | 1 |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | 5 |
| 비유동 기타지급채무As filed | — | — | — | 2 |
| 비유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | 3 |
Income statement
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,620 | 1,369 | 1,421 | 1,536 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 1,379 | 1,133 | 1,241 | 1,405 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 241 | 236 | 180 | 131 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 96 | 100 | 118 | 132 |
| 145 | 136 | 62 | -1 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 10 | 19 | 30 | 17 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 8 | 15 | 13 | 8 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 37 | 35 | 29 | 11 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 77 | 19 | 30 | 11 |
| 107 | 152 | 76 | 7 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 22 | 30 | 19 | 17 |
| 84 | 122 | 57 | -10 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 84 | 122 | 57 | 4 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | Not applicable | 1 | 0 | -14 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 164 | 214 | 84 | 6 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 86 | 117 | 56 | -11 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 2 | -5 | -1 | -1 |
| 기타영업외손익As filed | 0 | -4 | -2 | 0 |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | 86 | 116 | 56 | 4 |
| 비지배지분As filed | — | 1 | 0 | -14 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | 2 | -5 | -1 | -1 |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정요소As filed | 2 | -5 | -1 | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목As filed | — | 0 | -0 | -0 |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | — | 0 | -0 | -0 |
| 순확정급여제도의재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | -1 |
Cash flow statement
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 84 | 122 | 57 | -10 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | -64 | -54 | -166 | 66 |
| 20 | 69 | -109 | 56 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 9 | 17 | 30 | 16 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 8 | 14 | 15 | 8 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 25 | 24 | 27 | 16 |
| -149 | -178 | -495 | -239 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 61 | 183 | 487 | 232 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | 4 | 185 | 12 | 5 |
| 137 | 1,142 | -89 | 255 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | 11 | 13 | 15 | 0 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | 160 | 726 | — | 0 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 161 | 169 | 1,196 | 503 |
| 169 | 1,196 | 503 | 574 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | -0 | -5 | 0 | 0 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 8 | 1,032 | -694 | Not applicable |
| 비지배지분의 증가As filed | — | 225 | — | 0 |
| 주식발행비As filed | 0 | 17 | — | 0 |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | 12 | 18 | 19 | 18 |
| 장기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | 40 | 310 |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | — | 361 | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | 553 | 727 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | — | 124 | 627 | 764 |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| 임차보증금의 증가As filed | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 감소As filed | 59 | 657 | 563 | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 증가As filed | 141 | 466 | 564 | — |
| 장기선급금의 증가As filed | 1 | 0 | -1 | — |
| 임차보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 장기선급금의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | — | -1 |
| 기타보증금의 감소As filed | — | 0 | — | 0 |
| 영업으로부터 창출된 현금흐름As filed | 43 | 89 | -97 | 64 |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 932 |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의취득 - 투자활동As filed | — | — | — | 934 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 1 |
| 현금및현금성자산의 순증가As filed | — | — | — | 72 |
In the latest fiscal year operating and financing activities brought cash in while investing activities spent it.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.06.04.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 5 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 4 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 3 | 안진회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 1,851 | -88.7% |
| Residual income model RIM | -445 | -102.7% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 1.04 × 5.00% = 9.60%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(0.24% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 0.24%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 2,736 KRW, ROE = 0.24%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 9.60%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2,736 | 6 | 263 | -256 | 0.9124 | -234 |
| 2 | 2,743 | 6 | 263 | -257 | 0.8325 | -214 |
| 3 | 2,749 | 6 | 264 | -257 | 0.7596 | -195 |
| 4 | 2,755 | 6 | 264 | -258 | 0.6931 | -179 |
| 5 | 2,762 | 6 | 265 | -259 | 0.6324 | -164 |
| Terminal value | -3,472 | 0.6324 | -2,196 | |||
P_0 = 2,736 + -985 + -2,196 = -445 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 56.4 − 232.0 + 272.7 (net borrowing) = 97.1 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.24% | 97.3 | 0.9124 | 88.8 |
| 2 | 0.68% | 98.0 | 0.8325 | 81.6 |
| 3 | 1.12% | 99.1 | 0.7596 | 75.3 |
| 4 | 1.56% | 100.6 | 0.6931 | 69.8 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 102.7 | 0.6324 | 64.9 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 1,378.4 | 0.6324 | 871.7 |
| Total | 1,252.1 | |||
P_0 = 1,252.1 KRW hundred million ÷ 67,652,659 (shares) = 1,851 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.