DUK SAN HI Metal
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Adjusted prices rescale past bars with coefficients taken from the base prices the exchange itself published, correcting for corporate actions such as stock splits and reverse splits. Cash dividends are not reflected, and the risk measures on this page never use these adjusted figures.
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
DUKSAN HI METAL CO.,LTD. was established in 1999 and is listed on the KOSDAQ market. The company operates as a corporate group with subsidiaries including DS Myanmar, Duksan Nepcores, Sirius Holdings, and Duksan Ether City.
The company specializes in the research, development, and manufacture of solder balls and solder paste for semiconductor packaging. Its business segments also include navigation technology for defense and aerospace, management consulting, and the production of high pressure gas and hydrogen containers.
Business overview as filed
당사는 반도체 패키징용 접합 소재인 Solder Ball과 Paste 중심의 R&D 및 제조, 판매를 주 사업으로 영위 중에 있습니다. 반도체의 후공정 접합 공정에 기판과 소자 등을 서로 Soldering(납땜) 하는 기술이 점점 발전함과 더불어 집적화, 소형화 추세가 이어지면서 현재 반도체 후공정에서 BGA(Ball Grid Array), CSP(Chip Scale Package) 등의 수요가 지속적으로 증가하고 있습니다. 또한 당사는 130마이크론 미만의 초정밀솔더볼인 Micro Solder Ball을 독점적 지위를 통해 시장에 공급하고 있으며, 반도체가 고집적화 미세화로 발전함에 따라 마이크로 솔더볼의 수요도 지속 증가 할 것으로 예상하고 있습니다.
솔더볼 외 신규 아이템으로 Solder Paste가 있습니다. 솔더볼의 Powder 형태인 Solder Paste는 Flux와 Powder 형태의 합금을 혼합한 크림 형태의 접합용 소재이며 기판과 디바이스의 접합과 접촉면의 산화 방지 및 Solder Ball 대체용으로서의 Bump 형성과 Pre-solder 역할을 합니다. Solder Paste 또한 솔더의 한 종류이므로 솔더볼과 유사한 시장 환경에서 사업을 영위하고 있습니다.
덕산하이메탈 솔더제품 구성.jpg 덕산하이메탈 솔더제품 구성 사업 다각화 목적으로 방위ㆍ우주항공산업 전문 기업인 덕산넵코어스 주식회사의 지분 63.24%를 취득 완료하였습니다. 덕산넵코어스 주식회사는 항법기술을 보유하고 있으며 이는 방위 산업 뿐만 아니라 우주항공, 5G, 자율주행 등에 핵심 기술로 폭넓게 활용될 것으로 기대하고 있습니다.또한 2023년 11월 8일에 경영 자문 및 컨설팅업인 시리우스홀딩스를 지분출자, 설립하였습니다. 이어 2023년 12월 11일에는 시리우스홀딩스(주)가 고압가스용기 제조 및 판매업체인 덕산에테르씨티(주)의 지분을 91.88% 인수하며, 고압가스 용기와 더불어 수소 용기 시장에 진출하여 향후 성장을 기대하고 있습니다. 덕산에테르씨티(주)는 국내 유일의 반도체/디스플레이용 초대형 용기 및 수소용기 제조 업체입니다. 주요 제품으로는 반도체 및 디스플레이용의 특수가스용 용기와 항공/우주 및 기초과학, 방위산업, 드릴쉽용 저장용기 등의 산업가스 및 특수 목적 용기를 생산하고 있습니다. 특히, 수소 운반 및 수소 저장 목적인 튜브트레일러와 고정식 저장용기에 쓰이는 Type1 수소용 용기를 독점적으로 생산 및 공급하고 있으며 차량 수소연료 탱크 목적 등으로 쓰이는 Type4의 용기 등의 제품군으로 사업의 영역을 확대해 나가고 있습니다.본 사업의 개요에 요약된 내용의 세부사항 및 포함되지 않은 내용 등은 "II. 사업의 내용"의 "2. 주요 제품 및 서비스"부터 "7. 기타 참고사항"까지의 항목에 상세히 기재되어 있으며 이를 참고하여 주시기 바랍니다.
Company overview
당사는 반도체 패키징용 접합 소재인 Solder Ball과 Paste 중심의 R&D 및 제조, 판매를 주 사업으로 영위 중에 있습니다. 2019년 6월, 100% 지분투자방식으로 미얀마 현지법인(DS Myanmar)을 설립하였습니다. 미얀마 현지법인은 미얀마의 풍부한 광물자원을 활용하여 주석을 제련 및 판매하여 소재산업 경쟁력을 강화하고 솔더소재 시장에서 글로벌 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 설립되었습니다. 2021년 3월, 사업 다각화 목적으로 방위ㆍ우주항공사업 전문 기업인 덕산넵코어스의 지분 63.24%를 취득 완료하였습니다. 덕산넵코어스는 항법기술을 보유하고 있으며, 이는 방산뿐만 아니라 우주항공, 5G, 자율주행 등에 핵심기술로 폭넓게 활용될 것으로 기대하고 있습니다. 또한 2023년 11월 8일에 경영 자문 및 컨설팅업인 시리우스홀딩스를 지분출자, 설립하였습니다. 이어 2023년 12월 11일에는 시리우스홀딩스(주)가 고압가스용기 제조 및 판매업체인 덕산에테르씨티(주)의 지분을 91.88% 인수하며, 고압가스 및 수소용기 시장으로 진출하였습니다.
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황1) 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
2) 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 회사의 법적, 상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 덕산하이메탈 주식회사라고 표기합니다.영문으로는 DUKSAN HI METAL CO.,LTD라 표기합니다. 단, 약식으로 표기할 경우에는 덕산하이메탈(주)로 표기합니다.
다. 설립일자 및 존속기간
당사는 1999년 5월 6일 설립된 이후 반도체 소재ㆍ부품의 제조 및 판매를 주력으로하여 사업을 영위중에 있습니다.
라. 본사의 주소, 전화번호 및 홈페이지
마. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
바. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
사. 신용평가에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.19), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 64.8% (2026-07-30). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.475%[-0.194%, +1.145%]
- R squared
- 0.28
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.79[0.35, 1.22]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 611 | 428 | 451 | 478 | 518 | 552 | 927 | 1,715 | 1,445 | 2,359 | 2,364 | 2,943 |
| Revenue growth% | — | -29.91 | 5.24 | 5.95 | 8.38 | 6.72 | 67.87 | 84.97 | -15.78 | 63.30 | 0.22 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 38 | 54 | 27 | 12 | 41 | 64 | 60 | -27 | -110 | 186 | 28 | 110 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 39.42 | -49.91 | -56.63 | 251.12 | 56.17 | -6.01 | -145.64 | — | — | -84.91 | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | -171 | -167 | 80 | 121 | 112 | 153 | 317 | 61 | 33 | 313 | -1,157 | -975 |
| Net income growth% | — | — | — | 51.80 | -7.19 | 36.04 | 107.86 | -80.76 | -45.52 | 840.91 | -469.72 | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -122 | -74 | 81 | 121 | 112 | 153 | 319 | 61 | -97 | 204 | — | — |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -50 | -92 | -2 | -1 | -0 | -0 | -1 | 0 | -23 | 109 | -97 | -95 |
| Operating margin% | 6.28 | 12.50 | 5.95 | 2.44 | 7.89 | 11.54 | 6.46 | -1.59 | -7.59 | 7.90 | 1.19 | 3.75 |
| Net margin% | -28.06 | -38.89 | 17.67 | 25.32 | 21.68 | 27.64 | 34.22 | 3.56 | 2.30 | 13.27 | -48.94 | -33.13 |
| ROE% | — | — | 4.50 | 6.27 | 5.56 | 7.03 | 12.17 | 2.07 | -3.34 | 6.51 | — | — |
| ROA% | -7.84 | -9.08 | 4.38 | 6.16 | 5.34 | 6.64 | 9.80 | 1.68 | 0.45 | 3.82 | -17.56 | -13.64 |
| Debt ratio% | 19.63 | 9.92 | 3.66 | 3.73 | 5.09 | 7.03 | 18.81 | 19.54 | 76.13 | 79.95 | 94.52 | 99.16 |
| Current ratio% | 270.93 | 330.92 | 991.10 | 953.64 | 703.27 | 611.77 | 217.42 | 224.14 | 193.56 | 197.69 | 92.14 | 96.77 |
| Quick ratio% | 239.30 | 295.62 | 889.44 | 841.56 | 603.51 | 512.17 | 104.66 | 118.42 | 138.11 | 152.54 | 65.68 | 61.70 |
| Reserve ratio% | 5,873.15 | 5,724.74 | 5,906.29 | 6,180.73 | 6,359.78 | 6,700.52 | 7,418.57 | 3,746.28 | 3,802.69 | 4,013.89 | 2,850.42 | 3,046.68 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | -45 | 22 | -7 | 42 | -12 | -18 | -187 | -69 | -53 | -71 | -98 | — |
| FCF margin% | -7.40 | 5.16 | -1.59 | 8.75 | -2.41 | -3.17 | -20.15 | -4.02 | -3.65 | -3.03 | -4.14 | — |
| OCF conversion% | — | — | 16.92 | 67.82 | 64.71 | 51.29 | -43.02 | 61.57 | 160.65 | 44.04 | — | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 26.83 | 13.89 | 4.58 | 8.42 | 16.44 | 17.35 | 5.43 | 6.22 | 7.35 | 8.87 | 6.19 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 66.2 | 51.0 | 54.7 | 68.1 | 89.0 | 135.1 | 110.7 | 147.4 | 106.7 | 95.1 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 17.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EPSKRW | -676 | -373 | 407 | 609 | 563 | 765 | 1,502 | 134 | 125 | 449 | -2,333 | — |
| PERx | — | — | 19.63 | 7.41 | 13.59 | 16.73 | 13.68 | 35.75 | 57.28 | 8.57 | — | — |
| BPSKRW | — | — | 7,934 | 8,535 | 8,904 | 9,563 | 11,528 | 6,480 | 6,369 | 6,897 | 4,544 | 4,993 |
| PBRx | — | — | 1.01 | 0.53 | 0.86 | 1.34 | 1.78 | 0.74 | 1.12 | 0.56 | 1.34 | 2.17 |
| Dividend per share | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
This fiscal year shows a loss at gross profit, operating income, profit before tax or net income, so it is left to the table rather than drawn as a flow.
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,185 | 1,835 | 1,820 | 1,963 | 2,102 | 2,300 | 3,237 | 3,635 | 7,421* | 8,185 | 6,590 | |
| 508 | 465 | 480 | 584 | 582 | 562 | 817 | 1,095 | 1,963 | 2,143 | 1,786 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 322 | 169 | 270 | 406 | 391 | 309 | 185 | 330 | 550 | 694 | 666 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 59 | 50 | 49 | 69 | 83 | 92 | 424 | 517 | 562 | 489 | 513 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 1,677 | 1,370 | 1,340 | 1,379 | 1,519 | 1,738 | 2,420 | 2,540 | 5,458* | 6,042 | 4,804 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 632 | 334 | 219 | 228 | 282 | 356 | 476 | 500 | 814* | 1,117 | 1,103 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 2,667 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 728 | 915 | 978 | 1,045 | 1,115 | 1,233 | 1,524 | 1,671 | 1,742 | 1,917 | 2,114 |
| 359 | 166 | 64 | 71 | 102 | 151 | 512 | 594 | 3,208* | 3,636 | 3,202 | |
| 188 | 141 | 48 | 61 | 83 | 92 | 376 | 489 | 1,014 | 1,084 | 1,938 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 15 | 15 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 116 | 101 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 176 | 171 | 470 | 638 | — |
| 171 | 25 | 16 | 9 | 19 | 59 | 137 | 105 | 2,194* | 2,553 | 1,264 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 109 | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 20 | 2,023 | 2,197 | 1,028 |
| 1,827 | 1,669 | 1,756 | 1,892 | 2,000 | 2,149 | 2,724 | 3,041 | 4,214* | 4,549 | 3,388 | |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | 1,802 | 1,939 | 2,023 | 2,172 | 2,619 | 2,944 | 2,894 | 3,134 | 2,065 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 947 | 947 | 947 | 947 | 947 | 947 | 947 | 902 | 902 | 902 | 902 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 1,721 | 1,654 | 1,736 | 1,861 | 1,942 | 2,097 | 2,423 | 2,502 | 2,554 | 2,746 | 1,688 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -6 | -2 | -1 | -0 | 0 | -3 | -25 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 25 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | -941 | -932* | -925 | -915 | -913 | -915 | -772 | -553 | -654 | -654 | -641 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 54 | -45 | -46 | -47 | -23 | -23 | 105 | 97 | 1,320* | 1,415 | 1,323 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 0 | 2 | — |
| 장기금융자산As filed | 9 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산As filed | — | 65 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 340 | 40 |
| 매출채권As filed | 74 | 47 | 57 | 90 | 94 | 84 | 143 | 188 | 431 | 493 | — |
| 장기매도가능금융자산As filed | 22 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동수취채권As filed | 44 | 128 | 73 | 15 | 4 | 45 | 28 | 19 | 246 | 48 | — |
| 유동계약자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 16 | 27 | — | 19 |
| 기타비유동수취채권As filed | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 49 | 44 | 20 | 47 | 114 | — |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 10 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 33 | 8 | 16 | 147 | 60 | 63 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| (4)기타비유동자산As filed | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계약자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16 | — |
| 장기금융상품As filed | — | — | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 28 | 16 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동매출채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 454 |
| 당기손익인식-금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42 | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 5 | — | — |
| 장기매도가능증권As filed | — | — | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | — | 3 | 1 | 26 | 26 | 9 | — | — | 60 | 48 |
| 투자부동산As filed | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 무형자산As filed | 251 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 281 | 265 | — | 2,535 | — |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 34 | 24 | 21 | 48 | 30 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 3 | 36 | 46 | 22 | 14 | 0 | 10 | — | 34 | 24 | 33 |
| 기타 유동채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30 |
| 기말 무형자산 및 영업권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,293 |
| 매입채무As filed | 15 | 15 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 29 | 54 | 83 | 158 | 84 | — |
| 비유동 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 65 |
| 기타유동금융부채As filed | 41 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 30 | 75 | 103 | 118 | 128 | 151 |
| 비유동 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 3 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 38 | 8 | 23 | 65 | — | 165 | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 13 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 35 | 52 | 39 | 35 | 12 |
| 기타 비유동채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 108 |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | 9 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 4 | — | 3 | 11 | — |
| 기타비유동금융부채As filed | 7 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 17 | 22 | 30 | 52 | 34 |
| 계악부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 10 | 64 | 24 | — |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | — | 65 | — |
| 납입자본As filed | 993 | 993 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 9 | — |
| 기타자본As filed | -936 | -931 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 43 | 1 | — | — | — | 39 | 103 | 55 | 119 | 228 | 169 |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | — | — | 1,820 | 1,963 | 2,102 | 2,300 | 3,237 | 3,635 | 7,421 | 8,185 | 6,590 |
| 유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 29 | — | — |
| 부채와 자본총계As filed | 2,185 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타적립금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 |
| 자본과 부채총계As filed | — | 1,835 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 135 | — | 121 |
| 유동 차입금 및 비유동차입금(사채 포함)의 유동성 대체 부분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,533 |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | — | 23 |
| 유동계약부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 |
| 유동 파생상품 금융부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 기타유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 |
| 유동매입채무As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 89 |
| 비유동 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 611* | 428 | 451 | 478 | 518 | 552 | 927 | 1,715* | 1,445 | 2,359 | 2,364 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 412* | 300 | 354 | 393 | 405 | 357 | 696 | 1,551* | 1,336 | 1,799 | 1,923 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 199* | 128 | 96 | 85 | 113 | 195 | 231 | 165* | 109 | 560 | 441 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 160* | 74 | 70 | 73 | 72* | 132 | 171 | 192* | 219 | 374 | Not applicable |
| 38* | 54 | 27 | 12 | 41* | 64 | 60 | -27* | -110 | 186 | 28 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 13* | 18 | 9 | 16 | 13* | 9 | 16* | 25 | 38 | 212 | 30 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 6* | 1 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 16 | 10* | 41 | 40 | 179 | 303 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 12* | 9 | 4 | 17 | 12* | 59 | 144* | 54 | 25 | 47 | Not applicable |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 238* | 16 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 19* | 118 | 109 | 13 | Not applicable |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | 1 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 205 |
| -179* | 79 | 73 | 106 | 122* | 213 | 371 | 37* | -137 | 427 | -1,201 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | -7* | 14 | 8 | -15 | 11* | 61 | 53 | -24* | -17 | 114 | -44 |
| Profit from continuing operationsKRW 100M | -171* | 65 | 65 | 121 | 111* | 153 | 317 | — | -120 | 313 | -1,157 |
| Profit or loss from discontinued operationsKRW 100M | — | -232 | 15 | -0 | 1* | 0 | 0 | — | 153 | — | 0 |
| -171 | -167 | 80 | 121 | 112 | 153 | 317 | 61 | 33 | 313 | -1,157 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | -122 | -74 | 81 | 121 | 112 | 153 | 319 | 61* | -97 | 204 | Not applicable |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -50 | -92 | -2 | -1 | -0 | -0 | -1 | 0 | -23 | 109 | -97 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | -676 | -373 | 407 | 609 | 563 | 765 | 1,502* | 134 | 125 | 449 | -2,333 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | -676 | -373 | 399* | 609 | 563 | 765 | 1,502* | 134 | 125 | 449 | -2,333 |
| -175 | -155 | 81 | 126 | 106 | 152 | 304 | 108 | 26 | Not applicable | -1,177 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -3 | 11 | 1 | 5 | -6 | -1 | -14 | 47 | -7 | 41 | -20 |
| 영업외비용As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,185 |
| 영업외수익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 |
| 관계기업투자이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 174 | — |
| 관계기업투자이익(손실)As filed | — | — | 62 | 69 | 71 | 106 | 180 | 143 | 58 | — | — |
| 1.계속영업 기본주당손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | -49 | -92 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -95 |
| 비지배지분포괄이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -25 | — | — |
| 2.계속영업 희석주당손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | -125 | -63 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,081 |
| 지배지분포괄이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51 | 240 | — |
| 당기순이익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | -12 | — |
| 비지배지분포괄이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114 | — |
| 계속영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | -0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | -0 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | -3 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 1 | 5 | -7 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 7 | 17 | -8 | — | — |
| 순확정급여채무의 재측정요소As filed | — | — | 0 | 6 | -6 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채의 재측정요소As filed | -1 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -10 | — |
| 관계기업의 재측정요소에 대한 지분As filed | — | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 자산재평가차익(차손)의 세후기타포괄손익As filed | -2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계속영업희석주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | -0 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | -0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | -23 |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | -0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | -0 | 53 | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익As filed | -0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 3 | -22 | 26 | -0 | 51 | — |
| 관계기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 3 | — |
| 총 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | — | — | 83 | 126 | 106 | 152 | 304 | 105 | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 총 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | — | — | -2 | -1 | -0 | -0 | -1 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 관계기업 재측정 요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | -2 | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -7 | — | — |
| 중단영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | — | -0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -15 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되는 지분법 적용대상 관계기업과 공동기업의 세후기타포괄손익에 대한 지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -8 |
| 중단영업희석주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지배지분순이익(중단영업)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 153 | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 지분법 적용대상 관계기업과 공동기업의 세후기타포괄손익에 대한 지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1 |
| 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속될 계속영업손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,060 |
| 1. 계속영업 기본주당손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | — | — |
| 2. 계속영업 희석주당손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | — | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속될 중단영업손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 판매비와관리비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 413 |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | -171 | -167 | 80 | 121 | 112 | 153 | 317 | 61 | 33 | 313 | -1,157 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | 290 | 248 | -66 | -39 | -40 | -74 | -454 | -23 | 20 | -175 | 1,205 |
| 119* | 82 | 13 | 82 | 73 | 78 | -137 | 38 | 53 | 138 | 48 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 6 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 41 | 21 | 32 | 28 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 4 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 18 | 148 | 123 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 16 | 17 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 81 | 49 |
| -128* | -236 | 189 | 54 | -81 | -147 | -270 | -117 | -2,968 | -320 | 197 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 164 | 59 | 21 | 40 | 85 | 96 | 50 | 107 | 106 | 209 | 146 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 1 | 1 | 111 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | Not applicable | 0 | 0 | 0 | Not applicable | 0 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| -247 | -6 | -86 | Not applicable | -1 | -2 | 275 | 230 | 3,135 | 314 | -273 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Disposal of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 228 | 0 | — | — |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100 | — | 6 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 575 | 322 | 169 | 270 | 406 | 391 | 309 | 185 | 330 | 550 | 694 |
| 322 | 169 | 270 | 406 | 391 | 309 | 185 | 330 | 550 | 694 | 666 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | 4 | 7 | -16 | 1 | -6 | -12 | 8 | -6 | -1 | 12 | -0 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | -28 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금As filed | — | — | 9 | 34 | 63 | 73 | -116 | 8 | 121 | 335 | — |
| 영업활동으로 인한 기타현금유입As filed | 134 | 98 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 132 | — |
| 신종자본증권의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 770 | — | 0 |
| 법인세납부(영업)As filed | — | — | -3 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,341 |
| 법인세환급(영업)As filed | — | — | — | 37 | — | 2 | -18 | -0 | — | — | — |
| 기타유동수취채권의 감소As filed | 5 | 33 | 72 | 55 | 0 | 40 | 55 | — | — | — | — |
| 임대보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 0 | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 182 | 942 |
| 기타유동금융자산의 감소As filed | 48 | — | 65 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신종자본증권의 배당As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 15 |
| 장기매도금융자산의 감소As filed | 0 | 41 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배지분의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 0 | — | — |
| 기타비유동수취채권의 감소As filed | 4 | 41 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 333 | 373 |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | — |
| 리스부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자주식의 처분As filed | — | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기매도가능증권의 감소As filed | — | — | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 정부보조금의 수취As filed | — | 1 | 7 | — | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | — | — | 15 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | 8 | — | — | — | 23 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | — | — | 5 | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산의 취득As filed | 0 | 65 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 | — | 0 | — | — |
| 기타유동부채의 증가As filed | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동수취채권의 증가As filed | 21 | 0 | 5 | 7 | — | 80 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환가능상품의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 |
| 주식매수선택권의 행사As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | — | 0 | — | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57 | 100 | — | 340 |
| 당기손익공정가치금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 12 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사업결합으로 인한 현금유입As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융자산의 증가As filed | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | — |
| 차입금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,500 | — | — |
| 장기매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | — | 41 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 재무활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,614 |
| 관계기업투자주식의취득As filed | — | 170 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타재무활동현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 임차보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 5 | 12 |
| 기타비유동수취채권의 증가As filed | 1 | 41 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 17 | 2 | — | 0 | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 168 | — |
| (22)사업양도에 따른 순현금흐름As filed | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 선수금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,081 |
| 차입금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 85 | 211 | 232 | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 6 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | 22 | 6 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -510 |
| 기타유동수취채권의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | 0 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 임차보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 |
| 리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 |
| 장기대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 403 |
| 관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 514 | — |
| 단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51 | — | 710 | — |
| 비유동매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — |
| 종속기업 투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,943 | — | — |
| 환율변동효과 반영전 현금및현금성자산의 순증가(감소)As filed | -257 | -160 | 117 | 136 | -10 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| 종속기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 329 | — | — | — | 0 |
| 기타비유동금융부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 190 | — | 40 |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
| 장기대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -71 | -131 | 151 | 221 | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 60 | — | — |
| 단기차입금 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 218 | — | — | — | — |
| 사업부의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 210 | — | — |
| 차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 236 | — | — | — |
| 파생상품금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 파생상품의 정산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — |
| 사업부 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 주식매각As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 155 | — | — | — | — |
| 정부보조금의 수령As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 55 | — |
| 분할정산관련 미지급금의 지급As filed | 303 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 파생상품자산의 감소(증가)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 |
| 자기주식 취득As filed | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법적용 투자지분의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 투자활동으로부터의 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 206 |
| 대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 |
| 법인세 납부(환급)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -70 | — | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 장기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 192 |
In the latest fiscal year operating and investing activities brought cash in while financing activities paid cash out.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.19.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 27 | 삼일회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 26 | 삼정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 25 | 삼정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 24 | 삼정회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 23 | 신우회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 22 | 신우회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 21 | 신우회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 20 | 신우회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 19 | 삼일회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2016 | 적정Term 18 | 삼일회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2015 | 적정Term 17 | 삼일회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2014 | 적정Term 16 | 삼일회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | -29 | -100.2% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Residual income model RIM | No book value or return on equity | |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.98 × 5.00% = 9.28%
Initial growth
g_1 = g_T = 2.00%
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 48.4 − 146.3 + 122.8 × (1 − 0.00%) = 24.9 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 6,411.2, D = 1,027.6 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 86.19%, debt weight = 13.81%; cost of debt k_d = 9.28%
WACC = 86.19% × 9.28% + 13.81% × 9.28% × (1 − 0.00%) = 9.28%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.00% | 25.4 | 0.9150 | 23.3 |
| 2 | 2.00% | 25.9 | 0.8373 | 21.7 |
| 3 | 2.00% | 26.4 | 0.7662 | 20.3 |
| 4 | 2.00% | 27.0 | 0.7011 | 18.9 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 27.5 | 0.6415 | 17.7 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 385.3 | 0.6415 | 247.2 |
| Total | 349.0 | |||
Firm value = 349.0; less borrowings 1,027.6; plus cash 665.5 → -13.1 KRW hundred million
P_0 = -13.1 KRW hundred million ÷ 45,437,002 (shares) = -29 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.