Seegene
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Adjusted prices rescale past bars with coefficients taken from the base prices the exchange itself published, correcting for corporate actions such as stock splits and reverse splits. Cash dividends are not reflected, and the risk measures on this page never use these adjusted figures.
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
Seegene was established in September 2000. The company is listed on the KOSDAQ market and operates as a corporate entity with a subsidiary named Arrow Diagnostics s.r.l.
The company focuses on molecular diagnostics by analyzing DNA and RNA to detect disease causes. It provides diagnostic reagents and equipment to hospitals and testing institutions through global branches and distributors in over 100 countries.
Business overview as filed
당사는 2000년 9월 설립 후 인체 및 동식물에서 채취한 검체로부터 유전자 정보가 들어있는 DNA 및 RNA 분석을 통해 질환의 원인을 검출하는 분자진단 사업에 주력하고 있습니다.당사 매출은 진단 시약을 제조/판매하는 제품 매출, 진단장비를 외부에서 도입 후 당사 제품에 맞게 재가공하여 판매하는 상품 매출, 용역 제공 등의 기타 매출로 구성됩니다.당사의 기본적인 영업 경로는 국내외 협력 대리점 및 해외 법인으로, 이탈리아, UAE, 미국, 캐나다, 독일, 브라질, 멕시코, 콜롬비아, 남아공, 프랑스에 현지 법인과 지점을 보유하고 있으며, 100여개 국가 및 지역에서 대리점 운영을 통해 글로벌 판매망을 꾸준히 확대해 나가고 있습니다. 2025년 기준 총 매출액 중 수출 비중은 93%를 차지하고 있습니다.당사의 핵심 경쟁력은 독자적인 기술력에 있습니다. 당사는 유사한 증상을 유발할 수 있는 다양한 병원체(pathogen)를 하나의 튜브로 동시 진단할 수 있는 하이 멀티플렉스(High Multiplex) 기술인 신드로믹 정량 PCR(Syndromic qPCR) 기술을 보유하고 있습니다. 당사의 신드로믹 정량 PCR 기술은 코로나19 바이러스와 같은 감염질환 병원체 검사, 단일 염기 변이 검사, 약제 내성 검사, 돌연변이 검사 등 모든 유전자 관련 질병 검사에 적용 가능한 동시 다중 분자진단을 위한 최적의 솔루션이라고 할 수 있습니다.관련하여 당사는 하이 멀티플렉스 진단시약에 대한 원천 기술(DPO™, TOCE™, MuDT™ 등)을 보유하고 있으며, 19개 특허기술을 통합해 한 번의 검사로 15개 타깃을 동시 검사하고 정량값(Ct Value)을 제공할 수 있는 3Ct 기술을 완성했습니다. 이러한 독보적인 원천 기술을 적용하여 개발된 PCR 시약이 약 120여개에 이르며, 각 국가별 인허가를 득한 진단 시약을 병원과 검사기관에 판매하고 있습니다. 이 외에도 당사는 기술과 관련된 38개의 핵심 특허를 보유하고 있습니다.
당사는 진단시약 개발에만 머물지 않고 시약 원재료, 장비 등에 이르기까지 자체 기술을 개발하고 있으며, 독보적인 시약 개발 자동화 시스템인 SGDDS(Seegene Digitalized Development System) 구축을 통한 SG OneSystem™ 실현을 위해 세계 최고 수준의 독자적인 신드로믹 정량 PCR 기술을 전세계에 공유하는 기술공유사업을 추진하고 있습니다.당사의 기술공유사업은 질병 없는 세상을 구현하기 위해 추진하는 글로벌 전략으로, 씨젠의 SG OneSystem™을 각국 대표 기업들에 공유하고 전세계 과학자들이 참여해 다양한 분야의 현지 맞춤형 진단제품을 직접 개발하는 것입니다. 당사는 2025년 4월 이스라엘 Hylabs, 2025년 5월 스페인 Werfen과 현지 법인을 설립하고 새로운 진단 시약 개발 기회를 확대하고 있습니다. 또한 기술공유사업의 일환으로, 2024년 1월 Microsoft와 전략적 협업 관계를 맺고 인공지능(AI) 기술을 활용해 기존의 시약 개발 자동화의 고도화를 꾀하고 있으며, 세계 과학자 및 전문가들과 네트워크를 구축하고 있는 Springer Nature와 공동으로 글로벌 진단시약 공모 프로젝트인 Open Innovation Program(OIP)을 진행하고 있습니다. 이와 관련하여 2024년 10월에는 영국 런던에서 Microsoft, Springer Nature와 기술공유사업 파트너 라운드 테이블(Technology-Sharing Initiative Partner Round Table)을 개최하였습니다.
또한 검사 데이터 실시간 통계 플랫폼 STAgora™, 다양한 검체에 대한 자동화 검사가 가능한 장비 시스템 CURECA™를 개발하고 있습니다. 이를 통하여 향후 환자 진료에 필요한 통계와 유사 사례 기반의 정보를 제공하고, 진단 검사 전반의 자동화 수준을 높이고자 합니다.
Company overview
가. 연결대상 종속회사 개황
나. 연결대상회사의 변동 내용
다. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭
당사의 명칭은 주식회사 씨젠입니다. 영문명은 Seegene, Inc.이며, 약식명은 (주)씨젠 또는 Seegene입니다.
라. 설립 일자
당사는 유전자 분석 관련 기술 및 시약 개발 등을 목적으로 2000년 9월 16일 설립되었습니다.
마. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
바. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
중소기업 등 해당 여부
사. 주요 사업의 내용
당사는 유전자(DNA 및 RNA) 분석을 통하여 질병의 원인을 감별하는 분자진단 시약의 개발, 제조 및 공급 판매업을 주 사업으로 영위하고 있으며, 목표하는 유전자만 증폭시켜 질병의 다양한 원인을 정확하게 분석할 수 있는 멀티플렉스 유전자 증폭 시약 및 분석 소프트웨어의 원천 기술을 보유하고 있습니다.
[정관에 기재된 목적사업]
* 주요 종속회사인 Arrow Diagnostics s.r.l.의 주요 사업은 진단시약 및 장비 판매입니다.
아. 신용평가에 관한 사항
공시대상기간 중 해당사항 없습니다.
자. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정)여부 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.19), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 23.6% (2026-03-23). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.151%[-0.151%, +0.453%]
- R squared
- 0.36
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.47[0.34, 0.61]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 651 | 737 | 877 | 1,023 | 1,220 | 11,252 | 13,708 | 8,536 | 3,674 | 4,143 | 4,742 | 5,093 |
| Revenue growth% | — | 13.14 | 18.96 | 16.66 | 19.25 | 822.66 | 21.83 | -37.73 | -56.96 | 12.76 | 14.48 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | 86 | 101 | 140 | 106 | 224 | 6,762 | 6,667 | 1,965 | -301 | -165 | 345 | 617 |
| Operating income growth% | — | 16.75 | 38.64 | -24.00 | 111.05 | 2,915.59 | -1.41 | -70.53 | -115.29 | — | — | — |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 68 | 72 | 41 | 107 | 267 | 5,031 | 5,376 | 1,824 | 7 | -203 | 484 | 803 |
| Net income growth% | — | 5.65 | -43.44 | 164.43 | 149.36 | 1,783.75 | 6.84 | -66.06 | -99.60 | -2,864.59 | — | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 68 | 71 | 40 | 107 | 267 | 5,023 | 5,366 | 1,821 | 7 | -203 | 483 | 802 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0 | 0 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Operating margin% | 13.26 | 13.68 | 15.95 | 10.39 | 18.39 | 60.09 | 48.63 | 23.02 | -8.18 | -3.98 | 7.29 | 12.11 |
| Net margin% | 10.41 | 9.72 | 4.62 | 10.47 | 21.90 | 44.72 | 39.21 | 21.37 | 0.20 | -4.89 | 10.22 | 15.77 |
| ROE% | 5.01 | 5.02 | 2.86 | 8.38 | 17.48 | 77.83 | 49.62 | 15.87 | 0.07 | -2.08 | 4.75 | 7.72 |
| ROA% | 3.49 | 3.45 | 2.25 | 6.54 | 13.65 | 45.97 | 36.08 | 13.12 | 0.06 | -1.68 | 3.92 | 6.34 |
| Debt ratio% | 43.42 | 45.97 | 28.16 | 27.62 | 28.06 | 69.33 | 37.48 | 20.91 | 21.45 | 22.80 | 21.66 | 21.81 |
| Current ratio% | 1,319.80 | 1,060.68 | 601.60 | 444.72 | 491.11 | 208.60 | 367.39 | 530.28 | 483.18 | 462.25 | 467.81 | 461.76 |
| Quick ratio% | 1,191.31 | 968.10 | 503.86 | 354.20 | 424.90 | 171.54 | 292.60 | 437.33 | 398.30 | 394.50 | 419.66 | 419.22 |
| Reserve ratio% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4,693.81 | 4,544.26 | 4,318.32 | 4,418.05 | 4,525.64 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | -63 | 107 | 145 | 111 | 231 | 2,091 | 2,724 | 2,557 | 698 | 454 | 1,120 | — |
| FCF margin% | -9.70 | 14.46 | 16.55 | 10.83 | 18.92 | 18.59 | 19.87 | 29.96 | 18.99 | 10.96 | 23.61 | — |
| OCF conversion% | -45.35 | 231.21 | 477.49 | 130.79 | 101.61 | 76.15 | 62.14 | 174.86 | 12,947.57 | — | 308.25 | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 4.98 | 8.00 | 5.51 | 2.87 | 3.33 | 15.47 | 4.50 | 7.41 | 6.85 | 9.65 | 7.88 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 276.2 | 223.6 | 176.3 | 147.3 | 58.3 | 86.2 | 96.8 | 100.3 | 80.8 | 76.3 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 243.5 | 204.1 | 226.1 | 189.6 | 107.6 | 176.3 | 190.2 | 347.3 | 256.7 | 205.2 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 135.5 | 118.5 | 135.2 | 130.2 | 105.7 | 120.7 | 74.9 | 106.9 | 93.1 | 97.2 | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 384.3 | 309.1 | 267.2 | 206.7 | 60.3 | 141.8 | 212.1 | 340.6 | 244.4 | 184.4 | — |
| EPSKRW | 264 | 273 | 153 | 409 | 1,017 | 19,146 | 10,274 | 3,488 | 13 | -389 | 924 | 1,535 |
| PERx | — | 128.02 | 218.95 | 39.13 | 30.15 | 10.08 | 5.94 | 7.80 | 1,787.67 | — | 25.75 | 19.35 |
| BPSKRW | — | 5,412 | 5,334 | 4,880 | 5,815 | 24,598 | 20,706 | 21,977 | 19,678 | 18,738 | 19,443 | 19,894 |
| PBRx | — | 6.46 | 6.28 | 3.28 | 5.27 | 7.85 | 2.95 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.49 |
| Dividend per shareKRW | — | — | — | — | 100 | 1,500 | 1,000 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 1,000 | — |
| Payout ratio% | — | — | — | — | 9.84 | 7.83 | 9.73 | 22.94 | 6,245.15 | — | 108.18 | — |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
- Revenue
- 4,742
- Gross profit
- 3,039
- Cost of sales
- 1,704
- Other
- 2,693
- Operating income
- 345
- Non-operating income
- 219
- Profit before tax
- 564
- Net income
- 484
- Income tax expense
- 80
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,940 | 2,076 | 1,797* | 1,638 | 1,957 | 10,946 | 14,897 | 13,908 | 12,515 | 12,053 | 12,358 | |
| 1,518 | 1,557 | 1,188* | 1,159 | 1,385 | 7,829 | 10,536 | 9,025 | 7,835 | 7,463 | 7,988 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 409 | 498 | 278 | 326 | 491 | 3,081 | 4,321 | 5,213 | 1,903 | 2,597 | 2,256 |
| Short-term financial instrumentsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 49 | 49 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 2,051 | 1,515 | 1,826 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 148 | 136 | 193* | 236 | 187 | 1,391 | 2,145 | 1,582 | 1,376 | 1,094 | 822 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 567 | 549 | 525* | 463 | 522 | 3,073 | 3,404 | 1,121 | 898 | 936 | 1,047 |
| 423 | 519 | 609* | 480 | 572 | 3,117 | 4,361 | 4,883 | 4,680 | 4,590 | 4,370 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 112 | 165 | 184 | 186 | 238 | 1,867 | 2,379 | 2,579 | 2,423 | 2,267 | 2,227 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 192 | 224 | 234* | 60 | 67 | 67 | 115 | 244 | 274 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 17 | 18 | 30 | 32 | 33 | 181 | — | 371 | 391 | 444 | 505 |
| 587 | 654 | 395 | 354 | 429 | 4,482 | 4,061 | 2,405 | 2,211 | 2,238 | 2,200 | |
| 115 | 147 | 197* | 261 | 282 | 3,753 | 2,868 | 1,702 | 1,622 | 1,614 | 1,708 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 76 | 82 | 109 | 147 | 143 | 1,406 | 1,015 | 452 | 458 | 437 | 469 |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 26 | 34 | 63 | 78 | 56 | 372 | 395 | 395 | 350 | 350 | 350 |
| Current portion of long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 1 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 410 | 409 | 408 | 411 |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 24 | 66 | 154 | 202 | 187 | 191 | 194 |
| 472 | 507 | 197* | 94 | 147 | 729 | 1,193 | 703 | 589 | 624 | 492 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 430 | 446* | 8 | 18 | 17 | 444 | 431 | 22 | 14 | 8 | 2 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | 45 | 141 | 597 | 563 | 458 | 480 | 342 |
| 1,353 | 1,422 | 1,402* | 1,284 | 1,528 | 6,464 | 10,836 | 11,503 | 10,304 | 9,815 | 10,158 | |
| 1,351 | 1,420 | 1,399* | 1,280 | 1,525 | 6,453 | 10,814 | 11,478 | 10,277 | 9,786 | 10,154 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 131 | 131 | 131 | 131 | 131 | 131 | 261 | 261 | 261 | 261 | 261 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 627 | 627 | 627 | 654 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 450 | 517 | 548* | 434 | 696 | 5,645 | 10,286 | 11,630 | 11,239 | 10,649 | 10,883 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 77 | 131 | 237 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | — | — | 720 | — | — | — | — | -1,055 | — | -1,882 | -1,881 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 29 | 4 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산 (유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,777 |
| 파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | 72 | 74 | 37 | 56 | 85 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 112 | 413 | 821 | 1,254 | 102 | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,114 | — |
| 당기손익인식금융자산As filed | 97 | 99 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타금융자산As filed | 262 | 241 | 99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치 측정 지정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 67 | 121 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동자산As filed | 35 | 35 | 33 | 19 | 16 | 152 | 180 | 205 | 176 | 150 | 175 |
| 매각예정자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 139 | 0 | 0 |
| 장기매출채권 및 기타채권As filed | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기매출채권및기타채권As filed | — | 77 | 95 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기성매출채권및기타채권As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 196 | 289 | 299 | — | 309 | 297 |
| 장기매출채권 및 기타비유동채권As filed | — | — | — | 112 | 91 | — | — | — | 312 | — | — |
| 장기금융상품As filed | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | 25 | 35 | 66 | 71 | 51 | 254 | 198 | 452 | 525 | 492 | 415 |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | — | — | 15 | 15 | 212 | 174 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업및공동기업투자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 301 | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 330 | 286 |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 74 | 224 | 792 | 781 | 652 | 562 | 473 |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 51 | 37 | 17 | 43 |
| 투자부동산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 103 | 63 | 63 | 113 |
| 기타유동부채As filed | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 31 | 193 | 34 | — | — | 122 |
| 유동성전환사채As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동파생상품자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 기타충당부채As filed | — | 5 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 36 | 25 |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | 10 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 1,716 | 974 | 42 | 13 | 9 | 12 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산 (비유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 장기차입금As filed | 1 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타금융부채As filed | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | 0 | 3 | 28 | 0 | 26 | 24 | — |
| 전환사채As filed | — | — | 120 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | 40 | 47 | 67 | 72 | 74 | 84 | 91 | 10 | 14 | 21 | 24 |
| 환불부채As filed | — | — | — | 24 | 25 | 118 | 114 | 43 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
| 기타불입자본As filed | 769 | 772 | — | 715 | 698 | 677 | 267 | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동충당부채As filed | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 1,940 | — | — | 1,638 | 1,957 | 10,946 | — | — | — | 12,053 | 12,358 |
| 부채와 자본총계As filed | — | — | 1,797 | — | — | — | — | 13,908 | 12,515 | — | — |
| 부채와자본총계As filed | — | 2,076 | — | — | — | — | 14,897 | — | — | — | — |
| 유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 16 | — | 120 | 126 | 138 | 117 |
| 복구충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — |
| 판매보증충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| 기타비유동금융부채As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| 기타자본항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,928 | — | — |
| 파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 4 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67 | 47 | — |
| 비유동이연수익부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| 기타유동금융부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 비유동충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — |
| 유동복구충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 25 |
| 비유동파생상품부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 |
| 파생상품부채 (조건부 대가)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | — |
| 비유동복구충당부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | 76 |
| 기타금융부채(비유동)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 651 | 737 | 877* | 1,023 | 1,220 | 11,252 | 13,708 | 8,536 | 3,674 | 4,143 | 4,742 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 184 | 213 | 294* | 346 | 407 | 2,675 | 3,660 | 3,575 | 1,555 | 1,756 | 1,704 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 467 | 524 | 582* | 677 | 813 | 8,577 | 10,048 | 4,961 | 2,119 | 2,386 | 3,039 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 23 | 29 | 34* | 37 | 35 | 271 | 235 | 157 | 66 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 86 | 101 | 140* | 106 | 224 | 6,762 | 6,667 | 1,965 | -301 | -165 | 345 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 40 | 39 | 21* | 34 | 34 | 179 | 364 | 668 | 399 | 489 | 461 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 30 | 37 | 72* | 33 | 25 | 339 | 224 | 306 | 158 | 165 | 203 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 4 | 2 | 4 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 31 | 33 | 210 | 40 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 12 | 7 | 65 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 190 | 20 | 527 | 97 |
| Share of profit of associatesKRW 100M | 1 | -5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 148 | 141 | 89 | 32 | 64 | 18 |
| 89 | 94 | 30* | 107 | 277 | 6,691 | 6,892 | 2,256 | -14 | -94 | 564 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | 21 | 23 | -10* | 6 | 10 | 1,660 | 1,516 | 431 | -21 | 108 | 80 |
| Profit from continuing operationsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 101 | 267 | 5,031 | 5,376 | — | — | — | — |
| Profit or loss from discontinued operationsKRW 100M | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 68 | 72 | 41* | 107 | 267 | 5,031 | 5,376 | 1,824 | 7 | -203 | 484 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 68 | 71 | 40* | 107 | 267 | 5,023 | 5,366 | 1,821 | 7 | -203 | 483 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0 | 0 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 264 | 273 | 153 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 264 | 273 | 153 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 65 | 67 | 28* | 103 | 266 | 4,962 | 5,365 | 1,884 | 55 | -166 | 595 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | -3 | -4 | -13 | -5 | -2 | -70 | -11 | 60 | 48 | 37 | 111 |
| 관리비As filed | 332 | 360 | 374 | 430 | 457 | 1,284 | 2,392 | 1,891 | 1,626 | — | 1,954 |
| 비지배지분As filed | -0 | 0 | 0 | -0 | 1 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 연구비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 947 | 727 | — | 663 |
| 지배기업 소유주지분As filed | 65 | 67 | — | 103 | 265 | 4,954 | 5,354 | 1,881 | 53 | -167 | 594 |
| 연구개발비As filed | 26 | 34 | — | 103 | 96 | 259 | 755 | — | — | — | — |
| 경상연구개발비As filed | — | — | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타영업외수익As filed | — | — | — | 3 | 39 | 23 | 31 | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | — | -5 | — | — | — | -49 | -24 | 34 | -16 | -17 | 4 |
| 계속영업기본주당이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | -0 | 0 |
| 기타영업외비용As filed | — | — | — | 6 | 2 | 81 | 86 | — | — | — | — |
| 종업원급여 재측정요소As filed | -1 | -5 | -8 | — | — | -49 | -24 | 34 | — | — | — |
| 계속영업희석주당이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되는 항목As filed | -1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되는 항목As filed | — | 0 | -5 | 0 | 3 | -21 | 13 | 26 | 64 | 54 | 106 |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | -1 | 0 | -4 | 0 | 2 | -21 | 13 | 25 | — | — | 104 |
| 계속영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 일반관리비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,787 | — |
| 후속적으로 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목As filed | — | — | -8 | -5 | -5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계속영업희석주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| 지분법자본변동As filed | — | — | -1 | -0 | 1 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | 3 |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | -5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 |
| 현금흐름위험회피손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | -0 |
| 위험회피As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | — | — | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 외화환산손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | — |
| 현금흐름위험회피파생상품평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | -1 | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 65 | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -16 | -17 | — |
| 기타포괄손익 공정가치측정 금융자산 관련손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0 |
| 중단영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 연구와 개발 비용As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 694 | — |
| 판매비As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70 | 76 |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 68 | 72 | 41 | 107 | 267 | 5,031 | 5,376 | 1,824 | 7 | -203 | 484 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | -99 | 94 | 153 | 33 | 4 | -1,200 | -2,035 | 1,366 | 942 | 1,057 | 1,009 |
| -31* | 166 | 193* | 140 | 271 | 3,832 | 3,340 | 3,190 | 949 | 854 | 1,493 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 5 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 58 | 152 | 186 | 124 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 18 | 29 | 38 | 34 | 44 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 23 | 26 | 30* | -2 | -33 | 103 | 2,266 | 1,622 | 27 | 31 | -105 |
| -255* | -98* | -32* | 9* | -69 | -1,927 | -1,027 | -1,040 | -2,783 | 347 | -1,332 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 32 | 59 | 48 | 29 | 41 | 1,740 | 617 | 633 | 252 | 400 | 374 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 2 | 2 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 29 | 18 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | 44 | 48 | 107* | 10 | 7 | 12 | 45 | 92 | 67 | 36 | 31 |
| 497* | 19 | -375 | -101* | -42 | 719 | -1,103 | -1,445 | -1,567 | -637 | -640 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 700 | 511 | 381 | 369 | 369 |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 30 | — | — | — | 294 | 704 | 899 | 24 | 41 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 195 | 409 | 498 | 278 | 326 | 491 | 3,081 | 4,321 | 5,213 | 1,903 | 2,597 |
| 409 | 498 | 278 | 326 | 491 | 3,081 | 4,321 | 5,213 | 1,903 | 2,597 | 2,256 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | 2 | 3 | -6 | -0 | -1 | -34 | 30 | 187 | 91 | 130 | 137 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 214 | 89 | -220 | 48 | 165 | 2,590 | 1,240 | 892 | -3,310 | 694 | -341 |
| 당기순이익As filed | 68 | 72 | — | 107 | 267 | 5,031 | 5,376 | 1,824 | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | — | 41 | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | -203 | 484 |
| 비현금조정As filed | 123 | 137 | 198 | 88 | 88 | 1,805 | 2,071 | 2,154 | 815 | 1,065 | 713 |
| 장기임대보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| 순운전자본변동As filed | -198 | -21 | -18 | -55 | -118 | -2,890 | -1,851 | 787 | 27 | -140 | 105 |
| 장기임대보증금의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 85 | 30 | — | 20 | — | 462 | 45 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 리스부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 106 | — | 222 | 234 | 212 |
| 무상증자비용As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 0 | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | 99 | 49 | — | 20 | — | 3,824 | 4,971 | 2,369 |
| 단기금융상품의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 70 | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 감소As filed | 99 | 16 | — | 5 | — | — | 22 | — | 45 | 0 | — |
| 배당금수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21 | 18 | — | 10 | 5 |
| 유동성장기차입금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -8 | 7 | — | — | — | 15 |
| 단기손익인식금융자산의감소As filed | — | 152 | 262 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의감소As filed | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 45 | — | — | 2 |
| 장기대여금의 감소As filed | 9 | — | — | 7 | 12 | 8 | 40 | — | — | — | 25 |
| 보증금의 감소As filed | 8 | — | — | 2 | 6 | 1 | 13 | — | — | 14 | 16 |
| 장기대여금의감소As filed | — | 6 | 8 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 7 | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 10 | 9 | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(비유동)의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 100 | — | — | 0 | 100 |
| 보증금의 증가As filed | 7 | 9 | — | 1 | 1 | 90 | 141 | — | 45 | 14 | 14 |
| 보증금의감소As filed | — | 13 | 5 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 63 | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 48 | 49 | 40 | 1 | — | 5,884 | 4,405 | 2,679 |
| 단기손익인식금융자산의증가As filed | — | — | 120 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(유동)의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,275 | 3,154 |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(유동)의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 200 | 2,267 | — | — |
| 장기대여금의증가As filed | — | — | 16 | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기대여금의 증가As filed | -7 | 10 | — | 8 | 7 | 40 | 12 | — | 53 | 23 | 21 |
| 단기금융자산의 감소As filed | 91 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(비유동)의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 115 | 0 | — | — |
| 보증금의증가As filed | — | — | 22 | — | — | — | — | 38 | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의감소As filed | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 무형자산의처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 20 | — |
| 관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | 6 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 대여금의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — |
| 매각예정자산의처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 파생금융자산의 감소As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 공동기업 투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 처분As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융자산의 증가As filed | 262 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매각예정자산 계약금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 | 0 | — |
| 종속기업 투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 33 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 파생상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 관계기업 투자주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기손익인식금융자산의 증가As filed | — | 131 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(비유동)의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 111 | 101 | — | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 단기차입금의증가As filed | — | — | 32 | — | — | — | — | 45 | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 증가As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(유동)의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 301 | — | — | 3,144 | 3,783 |
| 파생상품자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 | — |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | 66 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환사채의상환As filed | — | — | 373 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업 투자주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 89 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(유동)의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 605 | 2,680 | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| 납입자본의 증가As filed | 12 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 차입As filed | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동성장기차입금의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | -7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업투자주식의 취득As filed | 12 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익-공정가치측정금융자산(비유동)의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | — | 9 | — | 15 | — | 434 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의취득As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의감소As filed | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 147 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 리스부채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환사채의 상환As filed | 0 | 0 | — | 131 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 연결실체변동으로 인한 현금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | -0 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 감소As filed | -1 | 4 | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환사채 발행As filed | 499 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업 취득 순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37 |
| 주식선택권행사로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 리스부채의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 202 | — | — | — |
| 연결실체의 변동으로 인한 현금의 증가As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 파생상품의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 |
| 단기임대보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동이연수익부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| 종속기업취득순현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 86 | — |
| 리스부채의상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 41 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업 및 공동기업 투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 45 |
| 임대보증금의증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
| 매각예정자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 273 | — |
| 장기임대보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 45 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 임대보증금의감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | — | — | — |
| 배당금수취(영업)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13 | — | — |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 723 | 1,303 |
| 무상증자 비용As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — |
In the latest fiscal year cash generated by operations covered both investing outflows and financing outflows.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.19.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 26 | 삼정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 25 | 안진회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 24 | 안진회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 23 | 안진 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 22 | 삼덕 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 21 | 삼덕 회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 20 | 우덕회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 19 | 우덕회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 18 | 우덕회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2016 | 적정Term 17 | 우덕회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2015 | 적정Term 16 | 우덕회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2014 | 적정Term 15 | 우덕회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Dividend historyKRW
The dividend-per-share bars are restated onto the current share basis for splits and par-value changes. The payout ratio and the dividend yield divide figures filed for the same period and are left unadjusted.
Payout ratio and dividend yield%
PER bandKRW
The price is the adjusted close and each band line multiplies the EPS of the latest completed fiscal year by a fixed multiple. The previous year's EPS stays in force until the next fiscal year ends, and the multiples divide the range between the lowest and highest annual PER on record into equal steps.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | 18,721 | -50.9% |
| Dividend discount model DDM | 17,863 | -53.2% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | 43,130 | +13.1% |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | 38,225 | +0.2% |
| Residual income model RIM | 10,473 | -72.5% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.61 × 5.00% = 7.45%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(4.75% × (1 − 100.00%), 0) = 0.00%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Gordon growth model
P_0 = 1,000 × (1 + 2.00%) / (7.45% − 2.00%) = 1,020 / 0.0545 = 18,721 KRW
Dividend discount model DDM
D_0 = 1,000, g_1 = 0.00%, g_T = 2.00%, r = 7.45%
| Year | Growth | Dividend KRW | Discount factor | Present value KRW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00% | 1,000 | 0.9307 | 931 |
| 2 | 0.50% | 1,005 | 0.8662 | 870 |
| 3 | 1.00% | 1,015 | 0.8061 | 818 |
| 4 | 1.50% | 1,030 | 0.7502 | 773 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 1,051 | 0.6982 | 734 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 19,674 | 0.6982 | 13,737 |
| Total | 17,863 | |||
P_0 = 17,863 KRW
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 19,443 KRW, ROE = 4.75%, payout ratio = 100.00%, r = 7.45%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19,443 | 924 | 1,448 | -524 | 0.9307 | -488 |
| 2 | 19,443 | 924 | 1,448 | -524 | 0.8662 | -454 |
| 3 | 19,443 | 924 | 1,448 | -524 | 0.8061 | -422 |
| 4 | 19,443 | 924 | 1,448 | -524 | 0.7502 | -393 |
| 5 | 19,443 | 924 | 1,448 | -524 | 0.6982 | -366 |
| Terminal value | -9,807 | 0.6982 | -6,848 | |||
P_0 = 19,443 + -2,122 + -6,848 = 10,473 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFF
Base-year cash flow FCFF
FCFF_0 = 1,493.3 − 373.6 + 44.0 × (1 − 14.16%) = 1,157.5 KRW hundred million
Weighted average cost of capital
E = 19,924.2, D = 763.1 KRW hundred million; equity weight = 96.31%, debt weight = 3.69%; cost of debt k_d = 5.77%
WACC = 96.31% × 7.45% + 3.69% × 5.77% × (1 − 14.16%) = 7.36%
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00% | 1,157.5 | 0.9315 | 1,078.2 |
| 2 | 0.50% | 1,163.3 | 0.8677 | 1,009.4 |
| 3 | 1.00% | 1,175.0 | 0.8082 | 949.6 |
| 4 | 1.50% | 1,192.6 | 0.7528 | 897.8 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 1,216.4 | 0.7012 | 853.0 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 23,165.2 | 0.7012 | 16,244.3 |
| Total | 21,032.3 | |||
Firm value = 21,032.3; less borrowings 763.1; plus cash 2,255.7 → 22,525.0 KRW hundred million
P_0 = 22,525.0 KRW hundred million ÷ 52,225,994 (shares) = 43,130 KRW
Discounted cash flow FCFE
Base-year cash flow FCFE
FCFE_0 = 1,493.3 − 373.6 + -2.2 (net borrowing) = 1,117.6 KRW hundred million
| Year | Growth | Cash flow KRW hundred million | Discount factor | Present value KRW hundred million |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00% | 1,117.6 | 0.9307 | 1,040.1 |
| 2 | 0.50% | 1,123.2 | 0.8662 | 972.8 |
| 3 | 1.00% | 1,134.4 | 0.8061 | 914.5 |
| 4 | 1.50% | 1,151.4 | 0.7502 | 863.8 |
| 5 | 2.00% | 1,174.4 | 0.6982 | 820.0 |
| Terminal value | 2.00% | 21,987.1 | 0.6982 | 15,352.2 |
| Total | 19,963.5 | |||
P_0 = 19,963.5 KRW hundred million ÷ 52,225,994 (shares) = 38,225 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.