HLB
Price chart
- MA5
- MA20
- MA60
Adjusted prices rescale past bars with coefficients taken from the base prices the exchange itself published, correcting for corporate actions such as stock splits and reverse splits. Cash dividends are not reflected, and the risk measures on this page never use these adjusted figures.
Each day's close multiplied by the listed share count of this share class alone, sampled weekly. It is the figure for this issue only, not a combined total across common and preferred shares.
Overview
Summary
HLB is a company established in 1985 and listed on the KOSDAQ market. It operates as a corporate entity with overseas subsidiaries including Elevar Therapeutics and Immunomic Therapeutics.
The company develops new drugs such as anticancer and immunotherapy agents and conducts clinical trials. It also manufactures and distributes in vitro diagnostic medical devices, quasi-drugs, and medical consumables.
Company overview
당사 및 해외 종속회사 Elevar Therapeutics와 Immunomic Therapeutics는 다양한 신약개발(항암제, 면역치료제 등) 및 임상시험의 경험을 보유하고 있는 글로벌 바이오 의약품 전문회사입니다.당사의 헬스케어사업부는 체외진단 의료기기 및 의약외품, 의료소모품을 제조, 판매하고 있으며, 종속회사 HLB이엔지는 구명정과 데빗(Davit), 특수선, GRP/GRE 파이프 등 선박 및 조선기자재를 제조·판매하고 있습니다.당사는 인류의 생명연장과 삶의 질 개선을 위해 제약 바이오 분야에서 끊임없이 성장해 나가고 있으며, 향후 다양한 항암 신약물질을 기반으로 글로벌 제약기업으로 거듭나고자 'Human Life Better'를 지향합니다.
가. 연결대상 종속회사 현황(요약)
가-1. 연결대상회사의 변동내용
나. 중소기업 등 해당 여부
다. 회사의 주권상장(또는 등록ㆍ지정) 및 특례상장에 관한 사항
라. 회사의 법적ㆍ상업적 명칭당사의 명칭은 "HLB 주식회사" 입니다. 한글로는 "에이치엘비 주식회사"로 표기하며,영문으로는 "HLB Co., LTD." 로 표기합니다.
마. 설립일자당사는 1985년 10월 18일에 설립되었으며, 1996년 07월 27일자로 코스닥시장에 상장된 후 현재까지 상장을 유지하고 있습니다.
바. 본사의 주소, 전화번호, 홈페이지 주소
사. 주요사업의 내용당사는 체외진단 의료기기 및 의약외품, 의료소모품을 제조, 판매하고 있으며 해외 종속회사를 통해 신약개발(항암제, 면역치료제 등) 및 임상시험 사업을 영위하고 있습니다. 2023년 05월 선박사업부문은 물적분할하여 HLB이엔지를 설립하였습니다.
아. 신용평가에 관한 사항
[신용등급 정의]
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal 2025 business report (received 2026.03.23), tables and figures omitted.
- The summary is written separately from the filed text and is not the filer's wording, so it may phrase things differently from or omit parts of the original, which is shown alongside for checking.
- The company introduction reproduces the sentences the filer wrote in its business report, with tables, figures and the sentences that point to other sections of the report omitted, and the accuracy of their content has not been separately verified.
VaR
The headline's measure for each of the three windows on one scale, the dot being the estimate and the bar its interval. The windows are nested and share their observations, so the three readings are not three independent measurements. The selected window is highlighted.
The issue's daily returns over the chosen window counted into equal-width bins. The vertical lines mark the VaR and cVaR above on the loss side. The published VaR sample applies exclusion rules for halts and first sessions that this raw daily series does not, so the bars and the marks can differ slightly at the edges.
Deepest drawdown 62.4% (2026-07-13). How far below its previous peak the issue stood each day over the chosen window, a description of the path already travelled.
Characteristic line
- Intercept
- +0.166%[-0.370%, +0.702%]
- R squared
- 0.19
- Observations
- 252
- Trading-time corrected beta
- 0.62[0.33, 0.92]
A 252-day window rolled one day at a time over the longest daily span of the characteristic line. It shows when the beta against the KOSDAQ150 and the annualized volatility of the issue's excess return rose and fell, and unlike the headline figures above it carries no interval.
Each point is one period's index excess return and issue excess return, and the line is the regression fitted to those points. The risk-free rate is the certificate of deposit rate.
- Beta summarizes by regression how far the issue's return moved together with the KOSPI200 or KOSDAQ150 index return, and the index is only a stand-in for the whole market.
- The intercept is the average excess return the index does not explain, and when the interval shown beside it contains zero it cannot be told apart from zero.
- Beta and the intercept are computed from the sample of the chosen window and frequency and are not values for the period ahead.
- At the daily frequency a beta corrected for differences in trading times is shown alongside, and the gap between the two shows how much later than the index the issue's trades are reflected.
Financials
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | TTM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RevenueKRW 100M | 385 | 301 | 230 | 362 | 384 | 562 | 698 | 1,797 | 429 | 681 | 842 | 975 |
| Revenue growth% | — | -21.64 | -23.66 | 57.28 | 6.18 | 46.22 | 24.30 | 157.37 | -76.13 | 58.80 | 23.55 | — |
| Operating incomeKRW 100M | -60 | -210 | -261 | -293 | -487 | -613 | -1,010 | -747 | -1,250 | -1,185 | -1,042 | -981 |
| Net incomeKRW 100M | 104 | -233 | -213 | 135 | -597 | -887 | -1,116 | -986 | -2,060 | -1,080 | -2,354 | -2,270 |
| Net income growth% | — | -322.50 | — | — | -541.26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 126 | -132 | -165 | 253 | -444 | -801 | -981 | -782 | -1,891 | -920 | -2,205 | -2,135 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -22 | -100 | -48 | -118 | -153 | -86 | -135 | -204 | -170 | -160 | -149 | -135 |
| Operating margin% | -15.50 | -69.69 | -113.51 | -81.01 | -126.84 | -109.14 | -144.67 | -41.55 | -291.43 | -173.97 | -123.81 | -100.66 |
| Net margin% | 27.17 | -77.15 | -92.70 | 37.36 | -155.28 | -157.92 | -159.84 | -54.87 | -480.28 | -158.57 | -279.68 | -232.93 |
| ROE% | 14.93 | -14.89 | -21.40 | 14.51 | -24.01 | -16.69 | -22.51 | -12.25 | -36.09 | -15.95 | -52.69 | -62.02 |
| ROA% | 5.64 | -12.45 | -11.33 | 4.45 | -16.45 | -12.56 | -15.01 | -10.19 | -27.41 | -12.17 | -25.31 | -25.00 |
| Debt ratio% | 61.88 | 50.48 | 65.55 | 45.11 | 91.61 | 26.74 | 45.20 | 38.38 | 29.11 | 36.08 | 88.14 | 114.94 |
| Current ratio% | 122.34 | 175.78 | 83.44 | 559.95 | 102.93 | 256.64 | 154.44 | 171.49 | 167.27 | 107.19 | 35.75 | 25.54 |
| Quick ratio% | 100.63 | 150.79 | 73.66 | 541.49 | 95.66 | 251.66 | 143.11 | 165.33 | 154.04 | 101.17 | 33.03 | 21.53 |
| Reserve ratio% | 437.25 | 414.38 | 346.34 | 695.56 | 1,715.28 | 2,605.99 | 1,119.63 | 1,306.86 | 1,017.95 | 1,009.94 | 788.32 | 650.62 |
| Free cash flowKRW 100M | -20 | -118 | -208 | -212 | -504 | -575 | -570 | -736 | -1,175 | -1,343 | -1,095 | — |
| FCF margin% | -5.22 | -39.10 | -90.34 | -58.56 | -131.12 | -102.33 | -81.56 | -40.93 | -273.89 | -197.11 | -130.13 | — |
| OCF conversion% | 5.04 | — | — | -152.90 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Capex to revenue% | 6.59 | 5.42 | 7.40 | 1.43 | 4.47 | 1.73 | 3.13 | 6.53 | 13.68 | 29.31 | 20.13 | — |
| Receivable daysdays | — | 46.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40.0 | — |
| Inventory daysdays | — | 64.6 | 70.1 | 49.2 | 46.5 | 39.0 | 69.9 | 42.1 | 99.0 | 68.7 | 61.9 | — |
| Payable daysdays | — | 32.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35.7 | — |
| Cash conversion cycledays | — | 78.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 66.2 | — |
| EPSKRW | 384 | -373 | -462 | 678 | -1,119 | -1,465 | -923 | -729 | -1,560 | -704 | -1,680 | -1,603 |
| PERx | — | — | — | 117.85 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| BPSKRW | — | 2,473 | 2,134 | 4,459 | 4,326 | 9,057 | 4,089 | 5,477 | 4,052 | 4,388 | 3,174 | 2,585 |
| PBRx | — | 5.32 | 18.11 | 17.92 | 26.56 | 10.21 | 8.51 | 5.18 | 12.51 | 16.66 | 16.01 | 20.12 |
| Dividend per share | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Consolidated basis
Profit flowKRW 100M
This fiscal year shows a loss at gross profit, operating income, profit before tax or net income, so it is left to the table rather than drawn as a flow.
This diagram traces where revenue goes at each step on its way to net income, using the filed amounts as they are. The non-operating result is taken as the difference between profit before tax and operating income and is shown as income or expense by its sign, and whatever a step's items leave unexplained is shown separately as other.
Revenue compositionKRW 100M
Margins%
Cash flow by activityKRW 100M
Balance sheet compositionKRW 100M
Debt ratio%
The left bar splits assets into current and non-current and the right bar splits the financing of those assets into liabilities and equity, so the two bars stand at the same height.
Quarterly resultsKRW 100M
Year-on-year growth%
Each quarterly bar is that quarter's three months and is never mixed with an annual figure. The growth rate is computed only where the same quarter a year earlier is also shown here, and is left blank when the base was a loss.
Cash conversion cycledays
Free cash flow breakdownKRW 100M
Inventory days and receivable days stack upward, payable days hang downward, and the cash conversion cycle they net to is drawn as the line. Each day count uses the average balance with the prior year, so the oldest year is not drawn. A day count whose line was not filed is left out, and the cycle is shown only for years that carry all three.
Free cash flow is cash from operating activities less spending on property, plant and equipment, and all three bars keep the sign as filed.
Owners' net margin%
Asset turnoverx
Financial leveragex
ROE%
ROE is the product of the owners' net margin, asset turnover and financial leverage. All three use period-end balances as denominators, and profit and equity are on the owners' basis, so the product matches the ROE in the table.
Financial statements
Balance sheet
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,852 | 1,867 | 1,882 | 3,040 | 3,626 | 7,065 | 7,437 | 9,673 | 7,517* | 8,874 | 9,302 | |
| 299 | 271 | 353 | 1,171 | 697 | 2,516 | 1,881 | 3,436 | 1,444 | 1,723 | 1,243 | |
| Cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | 44 | 94 | 73 | 302 | 409 | 2,207 | 998 | 1,957 | 1,089 | 930 | 410 |
| InventoriesKRW 100M | 53 | 39 | 41 | 39 | 49 | 49 | 138 | 123 | 114 | 97 | 95 |
| Trade and other receivablesKRW 100M | 48 | 29 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 89 | 95 |
| 1,553 | 1,596 | 1,529 | 1,869 | 2,929 | 4,549 | 5,556 | 6,237 | 6,073* | 7,151 | 8,059 | |
| Property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 111 | 108 | 103 | 128 | 125 | 199 | 415 | 516* | 488 | 726 | 687 |
| Intangible assetsKRW 100M | 1,307 | 1,310 | 1,266 | 1,336 | 1,336 | 2,638 | 3,395 | 3,448 | 2,690 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Investments in associatesKRW 100M | 82 | 89 | 106 | 360 | 1,150 | 1,065 | 1,336 | 1,847 | 2,119 | 2,828 | 2,026 |
| 708 | 626 | 745 | 945 | 1,734 | 1,490 | 2,315 | 2,683 | 1,695* | 2,353 | 4,358 | |
| 244 | 154 | 423 | 209 | 677 | 980 | 1,218 | 2,004 | 863 | 1,607 | 3,477 | |
| Trade and other payablesKRW 100M | 30 | 17 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | 57 | 54 |
| Short-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 172 | 73 | 315 | 110 | 121 | 440 | 212 | 1,152 | 287 | — | — |
| Current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | 19 | 33 |
| 463 | 472 | 322 | 736 | 1,057 | 510 | 1,097 | 679 | 831* | 746 | 881 | |
| Long-term borrowingsKRW 100M | 54 | 61 | 43 | 316 | 745 | 6 | 474 | 3 | 179 | 444 | 582 |
| Non-current lease liabilitiesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 139 | 144 | 164 |
| 1,144 | 1,241 | 1,137 | 2,095 | 1,892 | 5,574 | 5,122 | 6,990 | 5,822* | 6,521 | 4,944 | |
| 847 | 887 | 772 | 1,747 | 1,849 | 4,798 | 4,360 | 6,379 | 5,239* | 5,766 | 4,185 | |
| Issued capitalKRW 100M | 172 | 179 | 182 | 196 | 214 | 265 | 533 | 582 | 651 | 657 | 664 |
| Capital surplusKRW 100M | 652 | 777 | 828 | 966 | 3,718 | 7,758 | 7,799 | 8,937 | 6,866 | 4,516 | 5,203 |
| Retained earningsKRW 100M | 99 | -33 | -198 | 396 | -52 | -854 | -1,830 | -1,326 | -242* | 2,119 | 29 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 248* | 649 | 459 |
| Other equityKRW 100M | -76 | -36 | -40 | 189 | -2,031 | -2,371 | -2,142 | -1,814* | -2,283* | -2,176 | -2,170 |
| Non-controlling interestsKRW 100M | 297 | 353 | 364 | 348 | 43 | 777 | 762 | 610 | 584* | 755 | 760 |
| 공정가치측정금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 0 | 84 | 39 | 382 | 355 |
| 매출채권As filed | — | — | 32 | 65 | 66 | 117 | 340 | 151 | 72 | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산As filed | 151 | 105 | 202 | 42 | 150 | 38 | 292 | 1,065 | 69 | 139 | 178 |
| 당기법인세자산As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| 기타유동비금융자산As filed | 3 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매각예정자산As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동 당기손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 715 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 유동 당기손익-공정가치 측정 지정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동자산As filed | — | — | 4 | 8 | 22 | 70 | 29 | 41 | 54 | 84 | 108 |
| 미수법인세환급액As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 84 | 14 | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산As filed | 11 | 47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동매도가능금융자산As filed | — | — | 15 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산As filed | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 87 | 51 | 34 | 32 | 1,754 |
| 비유동 기타포괄손익-공정가치 측정 금융자산As filed | — | — | — | 10 | 287 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동비금융자산As filed | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동자산As filed | — | — | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 1 |
| 이연법인세자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 74 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 |
| 순확정급여자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 투자부동산As filed | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 |
| 무형자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,124 | 3,336 |
| 매입채무As filed | — | — | 14 | — | — | 33 | 51 | 37 | 70 | — | — |
| 단기매입채무As filed | — | — | — | 19 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융부채As filed | 32 | 53 | 71 | 75 | 540 | 488 | 840 | 726 | 383 | 409 | 403 |
| 금융보증부채As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 사용권자산As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 113 | 111 | 147 |
| 유동금융보증부채As filed | — | — | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동비금융부채As filed | 10 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동부채As filed | — | — | 20 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 14 | — | — | 110 |
| 매각예정부채As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계약부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 6 | 10 | — | — | — |
| 유동확정계약부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융부채As filed | — | — | 2 | 7 | 11 | 90 | 100 | — | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 비유동금융부채As filed | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 134 | — | — | — |
| 유동계약부채As filed | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비유동금융보증부채As filed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 당기법인세부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 96 | 64 | 0 | 3 | 10 |
| 부채 및 자본총계As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 7,065 | 7,437 | 9,673 | 7,517 | 8,874 | 9,302 |
| 이연법인세부채As filed | 403 | 403 | 271 | 283 | 292 | 411 | 523 | 540 | 498 | 142 | 127 |
| 전환상환우선주부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 퇴직급여채무As filed | 5 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 퇴직급여부채As filed | — | — | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 |
| 상환전환우선주부채As filed | — | — | — | 125 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 994 | 2,070 |
| 공정가치측정금융부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 796 |
| 기타 유동부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 102 | 127 | — |
| 납입자본As filed | 824 | 956 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 순확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 12 | 1 |
| 확정급여부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여채무의현재가치As filed | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | -1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 자본과부채총계As filed | 1,852 | 1,867 | 1,882 | 3,040 | 3,626 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타 비유동 부채As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 | — |
Income statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 385 | 301 | 230 | 362 | 384 | 562 | 698 | 1,797 | 429 | 681 | 842 | |
| Cost of salesKRW 100M | 324 | 259 | 208 | 297 | 345 | 459 | 488 | 1,135 | 438 | 561 | 565 |
| Gross profitKRW 100M | 60 | 43 | 22 | 65 | 39 | 103 | 211 | 662 | -9 | 121 | 277 |
| SG&A expensesKRW 100M | 120 | 253 | 283 | 358 | 527 | 716 | 1,221 | 1,409 | 1,241 | 1,306 | 1,319 |
| -60 | -210 | -261 | -293 | -487 | -613 | -1,010 | -747 | -1,250 | -1,185 | -1,042 | |
| Finance incomeKRW 100M | 9 | 31 | 14 | 318 | 190 | 206 | 72* | 205 | 210* | 335 | 93 |
| Finance costsKRW 100M | 37 | 15 | 90 | 137 | 249 | 126 | 113* | 215 | 200 | 140 | 495 |
| Other incomeKRW 100M | 1 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 59* | 7 | 119* | 19 | 76 |
| Other expensesKRW 100M | 51 | 32 | 22 | 42 | 75 | 305 | 29* | 40 | 777 | 59 | 24 |
| 106 | -233 | -334 | 135 | -598 | -932 | -1,104 | -884 | -2,128 | -1,092 | -2,405 | |
| Income tax expenseKRW 100M | Not applicable | 0 | -120 | -0 | -1 | -45 | -12 | 102 | -68* | -12 | -51 |
| Profit from continuing operationsKRW 100M | 106 | -233 | -213 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Profit or loss from discontinued operationsKRW 100M | -1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 104 | -233 | -213 | 135 | -597 | -887 | -1,116 | -986 | -2,060* | -1,080 | -2,354 | |
| Attributable to ownersKRW 100M | 126 | -132 | -165 | 253 | -444 | -801 | -981 | -782 | -1,891* | -920 | -2,205 |
| Attributable to minoritiesKRW 100M | -22 | -100 | -48 | -118 | -153 | -86 | -135 | -204 | -170* | -160 | -149 |
| Basic earnings per shareKRW | 384 | -373 | -462 | 678 | -1,119* | -1,465* | -923 | -729* | -1,560* | -704 | -1,680 |
| Diluted earnings per shareKRW | 377 | -373 | -462 | 678 | -1,119* | -1,465* | -923 | -729* | -1,470* | -704 | -1,680 |
| 109 | -229 | -239 | 187 | -518 | -1,039 | -863 | -772 | -2,004* | -652 | -2,440 | |
| Other comprehensive incomeKRW 100M | 4 | 3 | -26 | 52 | 79 | -152 | 253 | 214 | 57* | 428 | -85 |
| 관계기업투자주식 관련 손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -64 | -1,012 |
| 관계기업투자주식관련 손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -102 | -84 | -94 | -230 | — | — |
| 비지배지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -86 | -110 | -165 | -160 | -111 | -159 |
| 종속및관계회사투자주식손상차손As filed | 245 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업/공동기업투자주식관련As filed | — | — | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업,관계기업투자주식손익As filed | — | — | — | 288 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업처분손익As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지배기업의 소유주지분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -953 | -754 | -606 | -1,844 | -541 | -2,280 |
| 종속기업 투자주식 처분이익As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속및관계회사투자주식처분손익As filed | -2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식손익As filed | — | — | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업처분이익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | -0 | — | — | — |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | -3 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 보험수리적손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업투자주식관련손익As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 보험수리적손익의 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | 3 | -4 | — | — | -1 | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식관련손익As filed | — | -10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분상품에 대한 투자자산의 세후기타포괄손익As filed | — | — | — | -5 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 확정급여제도의 재측정요소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -1 | — | — | 0 | -2 | 0 |
| 기타포괄손익-공정가치측정 지분상품 평가손익As filed | — | — | — | — | — | -5 | 11 | 0 | 14 | 92 | 2 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | -26 | 55 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속적기간에 당기손익으로 재분류되는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 304 | -73 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류되는 세후기타포괄손익As filed | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36 | — | — |
| 해외사업환산손익As filed | 4 | 7 | — | — | — | -163 | 228 | 137 | — | 299 | -72 |
| 당기손익으로 재분류될 수 있는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 239 | 215 | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법 적용대상 관계기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법자본변동As filed | 0 | 3 | — | — | — | 17 | 10 | 78 | 6 | 5 | -2 |
| 지분법 적용대상 관계기업과 공동기업의 기타포괄손익에 대한 지분(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | — | — | 43 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 해외사업장환산외환차이(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | -33 | 42 | 29 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 후속기간에 당기손익으로 재분류되지 않는 항목As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 125 | -12 |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익As filed | — | -7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익(세후기타포괄손익)As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | 129 | -132 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | -20 | -97 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계속영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | 0 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산평가손익의 세후재분류조정As filed | — | — | -7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 중단영업기본주당이익(손실)As filed | -0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 계속영업희석주당이익(손실)As filed | 0 | -0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 중단영업희석주당이익(손실)As filed | -0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 총 포괄손익, 지배기업의 소유주에게 귀속되는 지분As filed | — | — | -178 | 290 | -388 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 총 포괄손익, 비지배지분As filed | — | — | -61 | -103 | -129 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow statement
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net incomefrom the income statement | 104 | -233 | -213 | 135 | -597 | -887 | -1,116 | -986 | -2,060 | -1,080 | -2,354 |
| Total adjustments to operating cash flowcomputed | -99 | 131 | 22 | -342 | 110 | 322 | 568 | 368 | 944 | -63 | 1,428 |
| 5 | -102 | -191 | -207* | -487 | -565 | -548 | -618 | -1,116 | -1,143 | -926 | |
| Interest receivedKRW 100M | 7 | 3 | 9 | 4* | 7 | 15 | 16 | 11 | 60 | 31 | 25 |
| Interest paidKRW 100M | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4* | 25 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 21 | 33 |
| Income taxes paidKRW 100M | 1 | -1 | -0 | 0* | 1 | 1 | -78 | 57 | 58 | -2 | -59 |
| -552 | -29 | -130 | -115* | -268 | -980 | -685 | -1,123 | 255 | -748 | -59 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 25 | 16 | 17 | 5* | 17 | 10 | 22 | 117 | 59 | 200 | 169 |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentKRW 100M | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 181 |
| Purchase of intangible assetsKRW 100M | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1* | 2 | 740 | 40 | 9 | 12 | 71 | 6 |
| 480 | 180 | 301 | 608* | 867 | 3,410 | 13 | 2,676 | -30 | 1,703 | 467 | |
| Dividends paidKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — |
| Acquisition of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 |
| Disposal of treasury sharesKRW 100M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Issue of sharesKRW 100M | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2,410 | 0 | 0* | 55 |
| Cash at beginning of periodKRW 100M | 108 | 44 | 94 | 73 | 302 | 409 | 2,207 | 998 | 1,957 | 1,089 | 930 |
| 44 | 94 | 73 | 356* | 409 | 2,207 | 998 | 1,957 | 1,089 | 930 | 410 | |
| Effect of exchange rate changesKRW 100M | Not applicable | -0 | -1 | -5* | -6 | -67 | 10 | 24 | 23 | 30 | -3 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalentsKRW 100M | -66 | Not applicable | -20 | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| 당기순이익(손실)As filed | — | -233 | -213 | 37 | -597 | -887 | -1,116 | -986 | — | — | — |
| 영업에서창출된현금흐름As filed | 4 | -103 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 당기순이익조정을 위한 가감As filed | — | — | 1 | -179 | 145 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 수익비용의 조정As filed | — | 88 | — | — | — | 423 | 353 | 444 | — | — | — |
| 배당금수취As filed | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업활동으로 인한 자산부채의 변동As filed | — | 42 | — | — | — | -112 | 123 | -27 | — | — | — |
| 영업활동으로인한자산ㆍ부채의변동As filed | — | — | 15 | -65 | -17 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 임대보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 |
| 임대보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | — |
| 리스부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 28 | 20 |
| 사채발행비용의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42 |
| 주식발행비용As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | 67 | 3 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 기타유동금융자산의 감소As filed | — | 217 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 284 | 350 |
| 기타유동금융자산의 처분As filed | 22 | — | 234 | 183 | 3 | 318 | 10 | 193 | 952 | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산의 처분As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — |
| 배당금수취(영업)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 배당금의 수취As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 감소As filed | — | 29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | 345 | 301 |
| 신주인수권부사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 395 | 0 | — | 0 | 170 | 195 | — | — |
| 정부보조금의 수령As filed | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | 1 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 보증금의 감소As filed | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 감소As filed | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환사채의 발행As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | 927 | 500 |
| 종속관계기업투자주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33 | — | — | — |
| 장기차입부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 130 | 108 |
| 전환사채의 증가As filed | — | — | 280 | 100 | 798 | — | — | 230 | 0 | — | — |
| 종속기업및관계기업투자주식의 처분As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 주식선택권의 행사As filed | — | 13 | 13 | 60 | — | 0 | 8 | — | — | 16 | 20 |
| 무형자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | 18 | 6 |
| 정부보조금의 수취As filed | 0 | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업처분에 따른 순현금흐름 감소As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산의 증가As filed | — | 200 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 310 | 320 |
| 단기대여금의 회수As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | 8 | 18 | — | — | — |
| 단기차입부채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 162 | 100 |
| 주식선택권행사로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산의 증가As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 12 |
| 비유동매도가능금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | 56 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 증가As filed | 0 | — | 2 | 6 | 30 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 단기대여금및수취채권의 처분As filed | 28 | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 증가As filed | — | 53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 재매입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 임차보증금의 감소As filed | — | — | 2 | — | 100 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 공정가치측정금융자산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1,800 | 222 | 241 | 0 | 266 | 33 |
| 관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | 15 | — | — | — | — | 116 | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 증가As filed | 395 | — | 34 | 95 | 1,842 | — | — | 44 | 34 | — | — |
| 장기차입부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 130 |
| 전환사채의 상환As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 385 |
| 종속기업취득에 따른 순현금흐름 증가As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분법적용 투자지분의 처분As filed | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입부채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | 17 |
| 대여금의 감소As filed | — | — | 32 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 보증금의 증가As filed | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업처분에따른순현금흐름As filed | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타유동금융자산의 취득As filed | 121 | — | 356 | 135 | 110 | 509 | 13 | 950 | 5 | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 증가As filed | — | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기차입금의 상환As filed | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 70 | 0 | 14 | 3 | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 처분As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산의 취득As filed | 0 | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — |
| 종속기업의 처분에 따른 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | 4 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | 118 |
| 단기차입금의 상환As filed | 400 | 22 | 28 | 87 | 1,835 | 637 | 26 | 62 | 215 | — | — |
| 매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | 6 | — | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 취득에 따른 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | 52 | — | -783 | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| 종속기업처분에 따른 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 비지배지분의 취득As filed | — | 24 | — | 0 | — | 252 | 0 | 0 | 25 | — | — |
| 전환사채 재매입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 |
| 종속기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | — | — | 0 | — | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 유상증자As filed | — | 195 | — | 0 | 299 | 184 | 0 | 0 | — | 202 | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자자산의 취득As filed | 70 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 취득으로 인한 현금유입As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | -39 | 9 | — | — | — |
| 종속및관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 703 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 35 | — | — |
| 종속기업취득에따른순현금흐름As filed | 349 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금의 대여As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 | 20 | — | — | — |
| 비유동매도가능금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 105 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업투자주식의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 |
| 장기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — |
| 임차보증금의 증가As filed | — | — | 1 | — | 2 | 3 | 18 | 20 | — | — | — |
| 종속관계기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 277 | 563 | — | — |
| 대여금의 증가As filed | — | — | 17 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업에 대한 투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기대여금및수취채권의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | 90 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 기타비유동금융자산의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 6 |
| 공정가치측정금융자산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 1,932 | 12 | 237 | 87 | 322 | 205 |
| 단기금융상품의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 162 | 0 |
| 대여금및수취채권의 취득As filed | 46 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업과 기타 사업의 지배력 상실에 따른 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 취득As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 관계기업 및 공동기업투자주식의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 407 | 50 |
| 연결범위의변동As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기금융상품의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 260 | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| 종속기업과 기타 사업의 지배력 획득에 따른 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 단기차입금의 차입As filed | — | 14 | — | — | — | 628 | 60 | — | — | — | — |
| 장기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21 | — |
| 장기차입금의 차입As filed | — | 2 | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 처분으로 인한 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 단기금융상품의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 168 | — |
| 종속기업 취득으로 인한 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -35 | 24 | — |
| 종속기업취득에 따른 순현금흐름As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지배기업의 유상증자As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 3,681 | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 사업결합으로 인한 현금및현금성자산의 증가As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 |
| 신주인수권부사채 발행As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권의 행사As filed | — | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 지분투자 선급금As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 60 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 사업결합으로 인한 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | 451 | 0 | — | — | — |
| 교환사채의 증가As filed | — | — | — | 50 | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 투자부동산의 취득As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41 | 0 | 0 |
| 교환사채의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권 행사As filed | 25 | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 관계기업 투자지분의 처분As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | — |
| 상환우선주 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 상환As filed | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업에서 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,106 | — | -978 |
| 유상증자As filed | 398 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 전환사채 발행As filed | 70 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 상환전환우선주의 발행As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 종속기업의 처분으로 인한 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — |
| 주식매수선택권 행사As filed | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 환율변동효과 반영전 현금및현금성자산의 순증가(감소)As filed | — | 50 | -20 | 287 | 112 | 1,865 | -1,219 | 935 | -891 | — | — |
| 비지배지분과의 거래As filed | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 영업으로부터 창출된 현금흐름As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1,155 | — |
| 신주발행비 지급As filed | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의 증감As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -518 |
| 신주인수권부사채 상환As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 현금및현금성자산의 증가(감소)As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -188 | — |
| 기타비유동금융부채의 감소As filed | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 리스료의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 23 | 25 | — | — | — |
| 주식의발행비용As filed | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 금융리스부채의 지급As filed | — | — | — | — | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 연결자본거래로 인한 현금유출As filed | — | — | — | — | 248 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 환율변동 효과As filed | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 신주인수권부사채의 감소As filed | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 43 | — | — | — |
In the latest fiscal year operations and investing consumed cash raised through financing activities.
A year whose own filing is absent is filled from the restated comparative in the following filing, and is marked as such. Operating indicators outside the statements, such as order backlogs, and audit opinions are not covered here, and per-share figures follow the filed values without retroactive adjustment for share splits.
Transcribed verbatim from the sentences the filer wrote in the fiscal {year} business report (received {date}), with tables, figures and cross-references to other sections omitted.
The newest annual filing shown was received on 2026.03.23.
Audit opinion
| Fiscal year | Opinion | Auditor | Fiscal year end |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 적정의견Term 41 | 삼정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2024 | 적정의견Term 40 | 삼정회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2023 | 적정의견Term 39 | 한영회계법인 | 2025-12-31 |
| 2022 | 적정Term 38 | 삼덕회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2021 | 적정Term 37 | 삼덕회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2020 | 적정Term 36 | 삼덕회계법인 | 2022-12-31 |
| 2019 | 적정Term 35 | 삼정회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2018 | 적정Term 34 | 삼정회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2017 | 적정Term 33 | 삼정회계법인 | 2019-12-31 |
| 2016 | 적정Term 32 | 삼정회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2015 | 적정Term 31 | 삼정회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
| 2014 | 적정Term 30 | 삼정회계법인 | 2016-12-31 |
The auditor's name and the opinion are transcribed verbatim from the filed audit report, and the wording follows the filer. A fiscal year shown twice means the filing carried two entries that the source does not distinguish.
Korean audit opinions come in four kinds, where an unqualified opinion (적정) finds the statements fairly presented, a qualified opinion (한정) does so except for a stated matter, an adverse opinion (부적정) finds them not fairly presented, and a disclaimer of opinion (의견거절) means the auditor could not obtain enough evidence to form a view.
Valuation
Valuation multiplesx
PER and PBR divide each period's closing price by the per-share figure filed for that same period, and a loss period is left blank. The quarterly view is a multiple of quarterly EPS.
Valuation models
Five models priced under one set of assumptions, set beside the current price, with how each has moved by fiscal year.
Assumptions
The risk premium and the terminal growth rate are adjustable assumptions, and the rest follow from the data and the formulas.
| Model | Model priceKRW | Versus current price |
|---|---|---|
| Gordon growth model | No dividend | |
| Dividend discount model DDM | No dividend | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFF | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Discounted cash flow FCFE | Base-year cash flow not positive | |
| Residual income model RIM | -927 | -102.0% |
Dividend and residual income familyKRW
Discounted cash flow familyKRW
How the figures are calculated
Each model's formula is shown in symbols and then with this issue's own numbers substituted, step by step. Changing a value in the assumptions panel changes the numbers here too. Firm-level amounts are in hundred million won and per-share values in won.
Cost of equity
r = 4.40% + 0.86 × 5.00% = 8.72%
Initial growth
g_1 = max(-52.69% × (1 − 0.00%), 0) = 0.00%
Growth starts at this value in the first year and falls by equal steps each year to reach the terminal rate in the fifth
Residual income model RIM
B_0 = 3,174 KRW, ROE = -52.69%, payout ratio = 0.00%, r = 8.72%, g_T = 2.00%
| Year | Opening book value | Earnings | Equity charge | Residual income | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3,174 | -1,672 | 277 | -1,949 | 0.9198 | -1,793 |
| 2 | 1,501 | -791 | 131 | -922 | 0.8461 | -780 |
| 3 | 710 | -374 | 62 | -436 | 0.7783 | -339 |
| 4 | 336 | -177 | 29 | -206 | 0.7159 | -148 |
| 5 | 159 | -84 | 14 | -98 | 0.6585 | -64 |
| Terminal value | -1,482 | 0.6585 | -976 | |||
P_0 = 3,174 + -3,124 + -976 = -927 KRW
The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium. Initial growth is the newest fiscal year's return on equity times its retention ratio, floored at zero, and falls by equal steps from that value in the first year to the terminal rate in the fifth. Only the Gordon model grows at the terminal rate from the start. Discounted cash flow starts from operating cash flow less capital expenditure, where FCFF adds after-tax interest paid and discounts at the weighted average cost of capital, and FCFE adds net borrowing and discounts at the cost of equity. The residual income model adds to book value per share the present value of earnings above the equity charge.
- A model price is the arithmetic outcome of the stated assumptions, and is neither a target price nor a basis for an investment decision.
- The cost of equity is the risk-free rate plus beta times the equity risk premium, and the risk premium and the terminal growth rate are assumptions the reader may change.
- The cash flow models take borrowings and cash only from years in which the filer itemized those lines, and a year without them yields no figure.
- Every model assumes the newest fiscal year's figures grow at a rate that converges in equal steps from the first year's rate to the terminal rate by the fifth year, and paths outside that assumption are not represented.